GWD 1的几道逻辑题（SD大大，请进）

minertus · 发表于 2011-8-9 13:59:15

GWD1-Q15:
In parts of South America, vitamin-A deficiency is a serious healthproblem, especially among children. Inone region, agriculturists are attempting to improve nutrition by encouragingfarmers to plant a new variety of sweet potato called SPK004 that is rich inbeta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. The plan has good chances of success, sincesweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and thevarieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.
Which of thefollowing, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the plan willsucceed?
A. Thegrowing conditions required by the varieties of sweet potato currentlycultivated in the region are conditions in which SPK004 can flourish.
B. Theflesh of SPK004 differs from that of the currently cultivated sweet potatoes incolor and texture, so traditional foods would look somewhat different whenprepared from SPK004.
C. Thereare no other varieties of sweet potato that are significantly richer inbeta-carotene than SPK004 is.
D. Thevarieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region contain someimportant nutrients that are lacking in SPK004.
E. Thereare other vegetables currently grown in the region that contain morebeta-carotene than the currently cultivated varieties of sweet potato do.

这题当时自己选了C，虽然事后也能明白答案A的合理性，不过不知道思考过程是怎样的。
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GWD1-Q17:

The spacing of thefour holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite isjust what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonicscale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since theRenaissance. Musicologists thereforehypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands ofyears before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Which of thefollowing, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?

A. Boneflutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
B. Nomusical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlierdate than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
C. Theflute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flutefragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains ofcave bears.
D. Flutesare the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing adiatonic scale.
E. Thecave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been longenough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.

这题好难，望指教。答案E。

GWD1-Q33:
A company plans todevelop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with opticalsensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants bydifferences in shade of color. Theinventor of the machine claims that it will reduce labor costs by virtuallyeliminating the need for manual weeding.

Which of thefollowing is a consideration in favor of the company’s implementing its plan todevelop the prototype?

A. Thereis a considerable degree of variation in shade of color between weeds ofdifferent species.
B. Theshade of color of some plants tends to change appreciably over the course oftheir growing season.
C. Whencrops are weeded manually, overall size and leaf shape are taken into accountin distinguishing crop plants from weeds.
D. Selectionand genetic manipulation allow plants of virtually any species to beeconomically bred to have a distinctive shade of color without altering theirother characteristics.
E. Farmlaborers who are responsible for the manual weeding of crops carry out otheragricultural duties at times in the growing season when extensive weeding isnot necessary.

这题当时选了E，因为原文提到了LABOR的问题。请问，这题应该怎么分析呢？答案是D

GWD1-Q40:
Until mow, onlyinjectable vaccines against influenza have been available.

arents are reluctant to subject children tothe pain of injections, but adults, who are at risk of serious complicationsfrom influenza, are commonly vaccinated. A new influenza vaccine, administered painlessly in a nasal spray, is effectivefor children. However, since childrenseldom develop serious complications from influenza, no significant publichealth benefit would result from widespread vaccination of children using thenasal spray.

Which of thefollowing is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. Anyperson who has received the injectable vaccine can safely receive thenasal-spray vaccine as well.
B. Thenew vaccine uses the same mechanism to ward off influenza as jnjectablevaccines do.
C. Theinjectable vaccine is affordable for all adults.
D. Adultsdo not contract influenza primarily from children who have influenza.
E. Thenasal spray vaccine is mot effective when administered to adults.

看了好多遍，完全没头绪啊。

小法Marius · 发表于 2011-8-9 22:23:58

GWD1-Q15

1 ：SPK004 = Vitamin A （which leads to health) P2 :potato is staple in diets. 如果LZ选C 那么还是在说明P1 就是SPK004 & Vitamin A 的关系。 A选项说当地的条件适合种植这个SPK，而SPK属于potato,最后联系起了P1P2。

小法Marius · 发表于 2011-8-9 22:25:52

GWD1-Q17 ：第一句话我直接理解为bone flute can do diatonic scale. 专家们的假设(即conclusion）是: diatonic scale年代久远，在西方音乐家使用前就存在了上千年了。中间的确差个环节。 diatonic scale= 年代久远而第一句话可以表示为bone flute = diatonic sacle 所以这个bone 就必须满足年代久远这个条件(bone=年代久远）即E的 long enough.

小法Marius · 发表于 2011-8-9 22:47:35

GWD1-Q33：把题干总结成一句话 the machine can do XXXXXXXX which LEADS TO the result of no human resource is needed. 既然要enhance这个arguement, 肯定要把重心放在 How/Why can the machine do it?
而不是纠结于labor。因为the machine can do XXXXX 是原因人力资源节省是这个machine导致的。

A premise that strengthens the conclusion should do at least one of the following:
(1) Fix a weakness of the conclusion, OR
(2) Validate an assumption made by the argument, OR
(3) Introduce additional. supporting evidence.【Manhattan】
这里D就是validate why can the machine do it?

minertus · 发表于 2011-8-9 23:08:22

[quote]
GWD1-Q33：把题干总结成一句话 the machine can do XXXXXXXX which LEADS TO the result of no human resource is needed. 既然要enhance这个arguement, 肯定要把重心放在 How/Why can the machine do it?
而不是纠结于labor。因为the machine can do XXXXX 是原因人力资源节省是这个machine导致的。

A premise that strengthens the conclusion should do at least one of the following:
(1) Fix a weakness of the conclusion, OR
(2) Validate an assumption made by the argument, OR
(3) Introduce additional. supporting evidence.【Manhattan】
这里D就是validate why can the machine do it?

-- by 会员小法Marius (2011/8/9 22:47:35)

[/quote

抱住请亲一个，回答的真好

sdcar2010 · 发表于 2011-8-10 00:34:14

GWD1-Q15:
In parts of South America, vitamin-A deficiency is a serious healthproblem, especially among children. Inone region, agriculturists are attempting to improve nutrition by encouragingfarmers to plant a new variety of sweet potato called SPK004 that is rich inbeta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. The plan has good chances of success, sincesweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and thevarieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.
Which of thefollowing, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the plan willsucceed?
A. Thegrowing conditions required by the varieties of sweet potato currentlycultivated in the region are conditions in which SPK004 can flourish.
B. Theflesh of SPK004 differs from that of the currently cultivated sweet potatoes incolor and texture, so traditional foods would look somewhat different whenprepared from SPK004.
C. Thereare no other varieties of sweet potato that are significantly richer inbeta-carotene than SPK004 is.
D. Thevarieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region contain someimportant nutrients that are lacking in SPK004.
E. Thereare other vegetables currently grown in the region that contain morebeta-carotene than the currently cultivated varieties of sweet potato do.

这题当时自己选了C，虽然事后也能明白答案A的合理性，不过不知道思考过程是怎样的。

A) is a necessary assumption. If SPK004 cannot grow in the field, how could you harvest enough potatoes and Vitamin-A therefrom?

One way to strengthen a Main Conclusion is to RESTATE its necessary or sufficient assumptions.

sdcar2010 · 发表于 2011-8-10 00:40:57

GWD1-Q33:
A company plans todevelop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with opticalsensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants bydifferences in shade of color. Theinventor of the machine claims that it will reduce labor costs by virtuallyeliminating the need for manual weeding.

Which of thefollowing is a consideration in favor of the company’s implementing its plan todevelop the prototype?

A. Thereis a considerable degree of variation in shade of color between weeds ofdifferent species.
B. Theshade of color of some plants tends to change appreciably over the course oftheir growing season.
C. Whencrops are weeded manually, overall size and leaf shape are taken into accountin distinguishing crop plants from weeds.
D. Selectionand genetic manipulation allow plants of virtually any species to beeconomically bred to have a distinctive shade of color without altering theirother characteristics.
E. Farmlaborers who are responsible for the manual weeding of crops carry out otheragricultural duties at times in the growing season when extensive weeding isnot necessary.

这题当时选了E，因为原文提到了LABOR的问题。请问，这题应该怎么分析呢？答案是D

A only talks about weeds. If you can recognize different weeds, great. But it won't help you separate the weeds from the plants. So it won't strengthen the conclusion.

B weakens the conclusion since the shades of a plant can change over time.

C, who care about manual weeding?

D on the other hand, makes sure one can separate the weeds from the plants. It strengthens the conclusion.

E, farm labors are not the subject of the passage. Out of scope.

andrewstudio · 发表于 2011-11-29 22:43:43

对于Q40，我觉得可以用排除法。除D外的所有选项中的信息都是无关的。

GWD 1的几道逻辑题（SD大大，请进）

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