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帮五月要考试的大家加个油~~ 也希望自己可以考好啰~~
大家一定努力补充考古
和上来写JJ阿
整理的简单
请见谅!!
RC JJ 05/’09 1.
閱讀有一篇大意是說保守主義者花很多時間去爭取保護許多物種的棲息地(690) 然而筆者認為那樣實在不切實際，因為物種的複雜度往往造成保守主義者所爭取保護的區域並非物種最複雜的地方 譬如保護區附近的區域其實才是物種最複雜的地方，因為有鳥類、昆蟲等難以找到行蹤的物種 筆者也提到被保護物種的取捨。譬如是要保護某種瀕臨絕種但卻對人有害的物種，還是要保護另外十種並沒那麼危險的物種？ 最後筆者提到，保護主義者與其花時間去爭取保護某些侷限性的物種 還不如花時間思考最麻煩的問題─如何爭取更多的資金來源(←這裡有個infer題) Q:1. 如何爭取更多的資金來源(←這裡有個infer題)
2.
另有一篇是提到男性與女性的薪資差異一直存在著，但工會為啥不去爭取解決這樣的問題呢？(690) 其實是有的，接著提出五個工會一直在努力減少薪資差異的方向 說真的，講這五個是狗屁，各位別花時間細看， 只要把每個內容裡的關鍵字看一下，看到題目時再回到文章中定位即可，並不難
3.
北美蝴蝶的遷徙，爆長文章，用字也雜(690) 反正就提到研究者始終想知道北美蝴蝶遷徙的路徑 其中洛磯山西側的蝴蝶遷徙路線已經很確定是到加州海岸邊了，東側卻始終未能確定。 研究團隊嘗試了些方法去研究東側的路線(有題，不過有幾個關鍵字看不懂，我用猜的) 譬如在蝴蝶的某些位置標上某些東西，然後從各地回報的消息去判斷遷徙路線，最後成功定位了是在墨西哥 然後....忘了...有提到要四個世代才能遷徙到某個定位點，是依據某種體內的物質去判定的 Q: 1. 研究團隊嘗試了些方法去研究東側的路線(有題，不過有幾個關鍵字看不懂，我用猜的)
4. DREAMING是怎么形成的，提到很多人的研究结果 What is the Function of Dreaming?Ghazal ZekavatPlutarch, a Greek biographer and author (circa 46 - 125 AD) (1) is credited to having said, "all men whilst they are awake are in one common world: but each of them, when he is asleep, is in a world of his own." (2) Plutarch is essentially speaking of the phenomenon of dreaming. The idea that the mind creates its own world while asleep is quite thought-provoking. What is it about sleep that takes us to another world? Where does this other world come from? What purpose, if any does dreaming serve? One school of thought suggests that dreaming is a product of random electrical activity that the cortex tries to interpret (3) that really serves no purpose (4), while another insists that the purpose of dreaming has come about as a byproduct of evolution (4). Which story is right?梠r rather, less wrong? It will first prove helpful to understand the process of sleep. Sleep is a dynamic activity controlled by neurotransmitters acting on different neurons in the brain. We sleep in cycles of 5 stages: 1, 2, 3, 4 and Rapid Eye Movement (REM). Light sleep occurs during stage 1, where a person can easily drift in and out of sleep. People waking up from stage 1 sleep often experience flashbacks of fragmented images, and/or sudden muscle contractions called "hypnic myoclonia" which usually precede the sensation of just starting to fall. In stage 2 sleep, brain waves slow down and eye movement stops. Stage 3 and 4 are collectively called "deep sleep" as it is usually very difficult to wake someone up in either stage. During stage 3, delta waves (very slow brain waves) appear, interspersed with smaller faster waves which leave altogether during stage 4. During the REM stage, we experience shallow, irregular and more rapid breathing, our eyes move rapidly in various directions, our limb muscles become temporarily paralyzed, our heart rate and blood pressure increase, and males develop penile erections. When someone wakes up during the REM stage, they often describe outlandish, unfounded tales ?those which we call: dreams. (5) REM sleep begins with signals being sent from the pons to the thalamus which then relays the signals to the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain used for learning, thinking, and organizing information, so this is an important point. Infants tend to spend much more time in the REM stage than adults, possibly for this very reason, that the REM stage stimulates the brain regions used in learning. (5) Many scientists believe that the random electric activity is just that ?random. They then assert that the cortex creates stories in order to makes sense of the signals being generated. (6) In late 2000, Antti Revonsuo published a paper in "Behavioral and Brain Sciences," asserting that the content of our dreams is not as disorganized as the aforementioned theory claims and that there is an evolutionary explanation to dream content. In essence, Revonsuo is suggesting that dreaming was selected for during our evolution, (7) but why would this happen?. Stating that waking experiences have a consistent and profound effect on dream content, Revonsuo hypothesizes that there is a biological function to dreaming ?to stimulate threatening events and rehearse the perception and avoidance of threats. Revonsuo argues that the ancestral human lifespan was short and full of threatening situations, therefore, any mechanism that would stimulate these situations and play them over and over in different combinations would be advantageous for improving threat-avoidance skills. Finally, Revonsuo asserts that this ancestoral mechanism has left some traces in the dream content of the present human population. Since one cannot be certain of the validity of a hypothesis, it will prove helpful to discern which hypothesis seems "less wrong." Revonsuo's idea about the original purpose of dreams simply provides us with a more complete look at the story behind dreaming. That is to say, it is by no means a complete idea on its own. While it is interesting to think that some of the content of our dreams may have had an evolutionary function, it should be noted that dreams are not predictable. (8) Each person experiences life differently, and through dreaming, can create experiences that will be unique to them, therefore entering a "world of his own" as Plutarch suggested. As modern-day humans, we are not faced with the same limitations as our ancestors. Our survival and chances of reproduction have little to do with our threat avoidance capabilities. So, if we assume that dreams initially served as a feature of evolution, what function, if any, does dreaming serve in humans presently? On the one hand, we could revert back to the original theory, with a twist. We can suggest that dreaming serves no real function at present. For example, people having suffered through traumatic ordeals often complain of nightmares. Dreamless nights would in fact be helpful in these situations, as far as mental health is concerned. So while dreams are sometimes a welcome escape from reality, other times reality is a welcome escape from our dreams. On the other hand, dreams perhaps serve a more fundamental purpose nowadays. In recalling our dreams, we are able to learn about ourselves using a broader spectrum of information. Above all, it is important to keep in mind, that we are all different. We therefore experience the world differently, react differently, and dream differently.
5.
第三篇说的是某种羊的颜色，一般来说全黑的羊体形大，存活率以及繁殖率高，后面提到了一个研究，否定了这种假定，说浅色毛的羊体型小，存活率和繁殖率都比全黑的羊高。 6.第四篇说的是一种化学物质，具体记不起来了 7.讲把香味作为新的广告方式.分析了它难以被recognizing,也受周围环境的影响,但是能够勾起顾客的情感和物理认知. 8.讲女人的,说17世纪法国的opera有女人的功劳.举了两个著作(有题,还两道呢). Q:1. 举了两个著作(有题,还两道呢) 9.也讲女人的,说女人没有选举权的时候反而能够影响立法,因为有某组织不受政策限制,可以活动.后来女人有选举权了,这种威力就下降了. 10. 阅读：澳大利亚
有一个动物用一种SHELL 建筑巢穴，有2个原因，第一个是避免潮湿，防水，第二个是要靠近他要利用大资源。 第二段
驳斥，3个观点，
1 TYPE多样化
2 什么什么多样化
3 应该会留下一些证据，但没有留下证据 11. 广告， 1段价格是有弹性的 2段、两种广告策略的重点不同， 3段、
学者开始研究两种策略但是没办法说那种究竟争取。作者提出了一个新的影响因素
四段、
忘记了....题目：第二种好像是关于market 的广告策略是什么， Q: 1.
题目：第二种好像是关于market 的广告策略是什么 12. 两种包装策略，一种是把所有的东西包在一起，一种是分开卖 问了两种的特点
然后有一个类比题， V1:
说公司喜欢把产品捆绑销售，有两中捆绑销售的方式，消费者有的时候会认为捆绑的商品中有一些是浪费钱的，所以企业也会单独销售个别产品。 有一个题问文章主要内容是什么，我选的是介绍不同的捆绑销售策略。 V2:
讲promotion的.说商店把商品绑定出售，这会使消费者心里上感觉那个商品是廉价货，不想去买，（这里有道细节题，问你商品被bond会怎样？）
v3:
考了捆绑销售的那道题，先说捆绑销售，再说一种特殊的捆绑销售，问main idea.因为两段的TS都是一种捆绑销售容易混淆成compare two selling strategy V4:
说公司喜欢把产品捆绑销售，有两中捆绑销售的方式，有一段讲某种方式，最后一段讲第二种loyal bound,这种方式是减小竞争对手产品对消费者的吸引力。但是有的时候捆绑的商品中有一些是浪费钱的，所以企业也会单独销售个别产品。并且还有可能单独销售会取得比较好的收入业绩。 题目一是问主旨题。 题目二是问针对文章最后一句话，如何对其加强？尽管有xx kind of food, fiber food等捆绑销售的产品，但消费者会单独买fiber food. 有一个题问文章主要内容是什么，我选的是介绍不同的捆绑销售策略。 Q:1. 一种是把所有的东西包在一起，一种是分开卖 问了两种的特点
然后有一个类比题 2.
main idea:有一个题问文章主要内容是什么，我选的是介绍不同的捆绑销售策略。 3. 绑定出售，这会使消费者心里上感觉那个商品是廉价货，不想去买，（这里有道细节题，问你商品被bond会怎样？ 4.
是问针对文章最后一句话，如何对其加强？尽管有xx kind of food, fiber food等捆绑销售的产品，但消费者会单独买fiber food. 13. 写的是有关男女问题的，讲一个关于XXdepression的新观点，分别从男的女的角度论述，
讲了发生的条件，最后一段是对女人的影响。问了这种depression发生的特点
主旨题 Q: 1.
问了这种depression发生的特点
主旨题 14.由一个说关于专利权限的问题。老规定授予专利所有人很大权限，包括noncommercial use都要限制。但法官们不买账。他们判案结果并非对专利拥有者这么有利。因为他们对social justice还是什么的有个人观念。后来新规定出来了，专利所有者权限被降低了，但由于新规定更容易被法官们认可，故而这对专利所有者并非坏事。 V1:
还一篇讲说专利问题，首段讲IT界的申请专利问题可能引发很多问题，下面三段从三个方面讲了问题所在， 第一点，科技发展日新月异，专利也层出不穷，发明一项科技专利的同时要保证这专利以前没有申请过，这种搜索工作过于麻烦。
第二点，评定专利的人往往不具备SCIENCE的专业知识和背景，因此可能过高（过低）评价很多其实很烂（很好）的专利（这段有类比题，我选了KITCHEN APPLIANCE那选项）。 第三点，科技专利往往是一群人的智慧，而非个人，而专利权往往授予的是个人。 Q:1.
评定专利的人往往不具备SCIENCE的专业知识和背景，因此可能过高（过低）评价很多其实很烂（很好）的专利（这段有类比题，我选了KITCHEN APPLIANCE那选项）。
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发表于 2009-5-4 22:18:00
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