[分享]比较结构的笔记

月底就要考了，紧张啊。。。来粘一个我最痛恨的比较结构的笔记，参考章振邦那本语法书的，读的是英语专业，大二英语语法就用这本书的，现在分享一个整理好的精简版，顺便积累一下RP

I. Major comparative patterns

1.     2 comparative items over 1 aspect (2c+1a)

同级(Equality)

(1)  A is as + adj. + as + B
                

(2)  A is as + adj. + (a) N + as B
            (in which the N normally can’t be a plural noun, but is normally a singular countable noun or an uncountable noun. cf. p451)

    John is as intelligent a boy as his deskmate.

    I don’t like as sweet coffee as this.

    (Rare) She can’t carry as heavy parcels as these.

(3)  A is as much of + a-N + as B（in which the N must be a gradable noun.）

    He is as much of a business man as his father. (他和他父亲一样，是个精明的商人。)

    The performance is as much of a success as we expected.

比较级(Superiority/Inferiority)

(1)  A is more/less + adj. than B
                

(2)  A is the + more + adj./adv. + of the two + N
            (in which the 1^st
                the can be omitted in the case of an adverb.)

    Which is the taller of the two girls?/Who is more afraid of the other?

    John behaves (the) more politely of the 2 brothers.

(3)  A is (a) more/less + adj. + N + than B
            (in which the noun can be a singular or plural noun, or an uncountable noun. See p 453 for examples. In addition, B must belong to the category indicated by the N)

    John is a more diligent student than his deskmate. (Not common: …more diligent a student than…)

    There are more intelligent men than John.

    I want sweeter coffee than this.

    * There are more intelligent monkeys than Herbert.→…monkeys more…than…

    There are men less intelligent than a monkey.

Nouns

(4)  A is more/less of + a-N + than B
            （in which the noun must be a gradable singular  noun.）

⑩    He is more/less of a businessman than his father. (他比他父亲会做生意。)

⑪    He is more/less of a poet than his father.

2.     1 comparative item over 2 aspects (1c+2a)

同等(Equality)

(1)  A is as + Adj.1 + as he/she/it is Adj.2
            （既Adj.2又Adj.1；…与…相等）（The italized part not to be omitted; and attention also to the word order）

    The article is as easy as it is interesting. (既有趣又好懂)

    The table is as long as it is wide.（长度和宽度相等）

    She is as clever as she is pretty. (既漂亮又聪明)

比较级(Superiority/Inferiority)

(1)  A is more/less + Adj.1 than Adj.2
            (与其说…不如说…; attention to the word order)

    The old woman is more frightened than worried. (与其说担心，不如说吓坏了；不是担心，而是吓坏了)

    The old woman is less frightened than worried. (与其说害怕，不如说担心；不是害怕了，而是担心)

    He is more bright than diligent.
(“more + adj. than…”pattern only; “-er…than…” ---not possible)

(与其说他是一个作家，不如说他是一个记者。)

He is more (of) a reporter than a writer.

He is less (of) a writer than a reporter.

He is not so much a writer as a reporter.

He is a reporter rather than a writer.

(2)  A is more/less + Adj.1 than he/she/it…is Adj.2 (A=he/she/it…)（既Adj.2又Adj.1，相比之下，A更…；…大于…）(the italized part not to be omitted when indicating degree; attention to the word order)

    The old woman is more frightened than she is worried. （既担心又害怕，两厢比较，害怕的程度高一些or很担心，但是更害怕）

    The old woman is less frightened than she is worried. （…很担心，但是，没有那么害怕）

    The table is more long/longer than it is wide. （长度大于宽度）

(Both ways possible—more…than…/-er…than…)

1.     2 comparative items over 2 aspects (2c+2a)

(1)  A is as + Adj.1 + as B is Adj.2
            （B有多…A就有多…; attention to the word order）

    Mary is as careful as Susan is particular. (Susan有多挑剔，Mary就有多仔细)

    Mary is not so careful as Susan is particular. (Susan挑剔，Mary仔细；但是，Mary仔细的程度及不上Susan挑剔的程度)

(2)  A is more/less + Adj.1 than B is Adj.2（B…A…，相比之下，A更…；A的…大于B的…）

    Mary is more careful than Susan is particular. （Susan挑剔，Mary仔细，相比之下，Mary更仔细；Mary仔细的程度超过Susan挑剔的程度）

    Mary is less careful than Susan is particular.

    Mary is not more careful than Susan is particular. (Susan挑剔，Mary仔细，但是，Mary仔细的程度及不上/不会超过Susan挑剔的程度；Mary仔细的程度没有超过Susan挑剔的程度)

    Mary is not less careful than Susan is particular. (Susan挑剔，Mary仔细，Mary仔细的程度不小/低于Susan挑剔的程度)

II. Some other noteworthy points

not more than
not less than
no more than

1.     no less than

not more than—probably fewer/less…than//as…as…(至多，不超过；最多等于)

    Quantity--
I have not more books than you do.≈I have fewer than you do./I do not have so/as many books as you do.（我的书没有你多/不比你多）

    Quality--
Jack is not more courageous than John. ≈Jack is not so/as …as John.//Jack is at most as …as John. （。。。不比。。。更勇敢）

No more than—only as many/much as…(只有，言其少)

    Quantity---
I have no more than 5 yuan with me. =I only have 5 yuan with me.

    Quality---
Jack is no more courageous than John.≈John is not courageous, neither is Jack.(。。。都勇敢不到哪里去)

No less than—as much/many as（多达，言其多）

    Quantity--
There are no less than 300 people attending the meeting. (多达300人)

    Quality--
Jack is no less courageous than John. ≈Jack is almost as …as John.(在勇敢的程度上Jack绝不亚于John.)

Not less than—probably more…than//as many/much …as…(不少于，最少等于)

    Quantity—
   I do not have less than 1000 yuan with me. （我带的钱不少/低于1000元。）

    Quality--
Jack is not less courageous than John. (在勇敢的程度上，Jack不比John不勇敢。)

2.      Omission of the S in as/than-clause

(1)   They took in as many people as could be accommodated in the small hotel.

(2)   I have never seen so much rain as fell in that area.

(3)   As many as came were caught.

(4)   They sent me fewer books than were needed.

(5)   He had drunk more than was good for him.

3.     The superlative meaning expressed in the comparative constructions:

John是班上最高的学生。

(1)   John is the tallest boy in the class.

(2)   John is taller than any other boy in the class.

(3)   No one is taller than John in the class.

(4)   No one is as tall as John in the class.

Patterns (3)-(4) are more emphatic than patterns (1)-(2), for in patterns (1)-(2) John occurs as old information while in patterns (3)-(4) John is treated as new information and as information focus.

愿四月的考生都700+

1.     no less than

not more than—probably fewer/less…than//as…as…(至多，不超过；最多等于)

    Quantity--
I have not more books than you do.≈I have fewer than you do./I do not have so/as many books as you do.（我的书没有你多/不比你多）

    Quality--
Jack is not more courageous than John. ≈Jack is not so/as …as John.//Jack is at most as …as John. （。。。不比。。。更勇敢）

No more than—only as many/much as…(只有，言其少)

    Quantity---
I have no more than 5 yuan with me. =I only have 5 yuan with me.

    Quality---
Jack is no more courageous than John.≈John is not courageous, neither is Jack.(。。。都勇敢不到哪里去)

No less than—as much/many as（多达，言其多）

    Quantity--
There are no less than 300 people attending the meeting. (多达300人)

    Quality--
Jack is no less courageous than John. ≈Jack is almost as …as John.(在勇敢的程度上Jack绝不亚于John.)

Not less than—probably more…than//as many/much …as…(不少于，最少等于)

    Quantity—
   I do not have less than 1000 yuan with me. （我带的钱不少/低于1000元。）

    Quality--
Jack is not less courageous than John. (在勇敢的程度上，Jack不比John不勇敢。)

2.      Omission of the S in as/than-clause

(1)   They took in as many people as could be accommodated in the small hotel.

(2)   I have never seen so much rain as fell in that area.

(3)   As many as came were caught.

(4)   They sent me fewer books than were needed.

(5)   He had drunk more than was good for him.

3.     The superlative meaning expressed in the comparative constructions:

John是班上最高的学生。

(1)   John is the tallest boy in the class.

(2)   John is taller than any other boy in the class.

(3)   No one is taller than John in the class.

(4)   No one is as tall as John in the class.

Patterns (3)-(4) are more emphatic than patterns (1)-(2), for in patterns (1)-(2) John occurs as old information while in patterns (3)-(4) John is treated as new information and as information focus.

愿四月的考生都700+

本人最怕的一部分，谢谢LZ！！！！！！！！！

many thx~