13. Top college graduates are having more difficulty demonstrating their superiority to prospective employers than did the top students of twenty years ago when an honors degree was distinction enough. Today’s employers are less impressed with the honors degree. Twenty years ago no more than 10 percent of a given class graduated with honors. Today, however, because of grade inflation, the honors degree goes to more than 50 percent of a graduating class. Therefore, to restore confidence in the degrees they award, colleges must take steps to control grade inflation. Which one of the following is an assumption that, if true, would support the conclusion in the passage? (A) Today’s students are not higher achievers than the students of twenty years ago. (B) Awarding too many honors degrees causes colleges to inflate grades. (C) Today’s employers rely on honors ranking in making their hiring decisions. (D) It is not easy for students with low grades to obtain jobs. (E) Colleges must make employers aware of the criteria used to determine who receives an honors degree. 答案是A，可我觉得题干中提到的都是关于grade inflation的内容，不知怎么推出了A？请赐教！
Test 1-Sec IV-22 & 23
22. It is illogical to infer a second and different effect from a cause which is known only by one particular effect. This is incorrect because the inferred effect must necessarily be produced by some different characteristic of the cause than is the observed effect, which already serves entirely to describe the cause. Which one of the following arguments makes the same logical error as the one described by the author in the passage? (A) An anonymous donor gave a thousand dollars to our historical society. I would guess that that individual also volunteers at the children’s hospital. (B) The radioactive material caused a genetic mutation, which, in turn, caused the birth defect. Therefore, the radioactive material caused the birth defect. (C) The tiny, unseen atom is the source of immense power. It must be its highly complex structure that produces this power. (D) The city orchestra received more funds from the local government this year than ever before. Clearly this administration is more civic-minded than previous ones. (E) If I heat water, which is a liquid, it evaporates. If I heat hundreds of other liquids like water, they evaporate. Therefore, if I heat any liquid like water, it will evaporate. 23. Just as a bicycle chain may be too tight, so may one’s carefulness and conscientiousness be so tense as to hinder the running of one’s mind. Which one of the following most closely parallels the reasoning used in the argument above? (A) Just as a clock may be wound too tightly, so may one’s time be spent fruitlessly in the pursuit of perfection. (B) Just as a carousel may spin too quickly, so may one’s rapid concentration on several problems prevent a resolution of difficulties. (C) Just as a machine may be oiled too much, so may one’s heavy drinking of alcoholic beverages lead to complete dissipation. (D) Just as a raging river may be frozen into stillness during the winter, so may one’s career falter at certain times of the year. (E) Just as a boxer may become too tense before a big fight, so may one’s personal concerns stand in the way of professional success.
test 1-sec i-13: permise: today's students are having more difficulty demonstrating their superiority than did top students 20 years ago + degree inflation.
conclusion: to restore confidence in the degrees they award, colleges must take steps to control grade inflation.
even though today's students don't have the same superiorities as did the students 20 years ago, they still earn honor degrees. A tip the scale in the desired direction. today's students are not higher achievers. so colleges must control grade inflation, only reward honor degrees to higher achievers.
test 1-sec iv-22 & 23
parallel reasoning question: the key is to summarize arguments's overall form, and compare the five choices to match it.
以下是引用joice在2003-11-14 21:43:00的发言： test 1-sec iv-22 & 23 parallel reasoning question: the key is to summarize arguments's overall form, and compare the five choices to match it.
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发表于 2003-11-14 13:24:00
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