[讨论]大全86(1/15)没问过

    Early models of the geography of the metropolis were unicellular: that is, they assumed that the entire urban district would normally be dominated by a single central district, around which the various economic functions of the community would be focused. This central business district (CBD) is the source of so-called high-order goods and services, which can most efficiently be provided from a central location rather than from numerous widely dispersed locations. Thus, retailers of infrequently and irregularly purchased goods, such as fur coats, jewelry, and antique furniture, and specialized service outlets (a market for a commodity), such as theaters, advertising agencies, law firms, and government agencies, will generally be found in the CBD. By contrast, less costly, more frequently demanded goods, such as groceries and housewares, and low-order services, such as shoe repair and hairdressing, will be available at many small, widely scattered outlets throughout the metropolis.

    Both the concentric-ring model of the metropolis, first developed in Chicago in the late nineteenth century, and the sector model, closely associated with the work of Homer Hoyt in the 1930s, make the CBD the focal point (focal point: 焦点) of the metropolis. The concentric-ring model assumes that the varying degrees of need for (need for: 需要...) accessibility to the CBD of various kinds of economic entities will be the main determinant of their location. Thus, wholesale and manufacturing firms, which need easy accessibility to the specialized legal, financial, and governmental services provided in the CBD, will normally be located just outside the CBD itself. Residential areas will occupy the outer rings of the model, with low-income groups residing in the relatively crowded older housing close to the business zone and high-income groups occupying the outermost ring, in the more spacious, newer residential areas built up through urban expansion.

    Homer Hoyt’s sector model is a modified version of the concentric-ring model. Recognizing the influence of early established patterns of geographic distribution on the later growth of the city, Hoyt developed the concept of directional inertia. According to Hoyt, custom and social pressures tend to perpetuate locational patterns within the city. Thus, if a particular part of the city (say, the east side) becomes a common residential area for higher-income families, perhaps because of a particular topographical advantage such as a lake or other desirable feature, future expansion of the high-income segment of the population is likely to proceed in the same direction. In our example, as the metropolis expands, a wedge-shaped sector would develop on the east side of the city in which the higher-income residence would be clustered. Lower-income residences, along with manufacturing facilities, would be confined, therefore, to the western margins of the CBD.

    Although Hoyt’s model undoubtedly represented an advance in sophistication over the simpler concentric-ring model, neither model fully accounts for the increasing importance of focal points other than the traditional CBD. Recent years have witnessed he establishment around older cities of secondary nuclei centered on suburban business districts. In other cases, particular kinds of goods, services, and manufacturing facilities have clustered in specialized centers away from the CBD, encouraging the development of particular housing patterns in the adjacent areas. A new multicellular model of metropolitan geography is needed to express these and other emerging trends of urban growth.

(E) the specialized service personnel required by a law firm are often interested in residing as close as possible to the city center

文章开头第一句说"早期的城市结构是unicellular的",第二句说"CBD是source of so-called high-order goods and services",然后说"因此, retailers of infrequently and irregularly purchased goods(对应前句high-order goods)和specialized service outlets(对应前句high-order services)离CBD很近".由此看出"离CBD很近"的原因就是文章第二句.

C正表达了这一点,不是吗?而且文章第二段在解释concentric ring model时再次说the varying degrees of need for (need for: 需要...) accessibility to the CBD of various kinds of economic entities will be the main determinant of their location,这也跟C中的内容相附和.

再看B,说"legal services is too irregular",这跟文章第一段的第二句不相附.因为文章用irregular来描述goods,并非service.

    Although Hoyt’s model undoubtedly represented an advance in sophistication over the simpler concentric-ring model, neither model fully accounts for the increasing importance of focal points other than the traditional CBD. Recent years have witnessed he establishment around older cities of secondary nuclei centered on suburban business districts. In other cases, particular kinds of goods, services, and manufacturing facilities have clustered in specialized centers away from the CBD, encouraging the development of particular housing patterns in the adjacent areas. A new multicellular model of metropolitan geography is needed to express these and other emerging trends of urban growth.

(E) the specialized service personnel required by a law firm are often interested in residing as close as possible to the city center

文章开头第一句说"早期的城市结构是unicellular的",第二句说"CBD是source of so-called high-order goods and services",然后说"因此, retailers of infrequently and irregularly purchased goods(对应前句high-order goods)和specialized service outlets(对应前句high-order services)离CBD很近".由此看出"离CBD很近"的原因就是文章第二句.

C正表达了这一点,不是吗?而且文章第二段在解释concentric ring model时再次说the varying degrees of need for (need for: 需要...) accessibility to the CBD of various kinds of economic entities will be the main determinant of their location,这也跟C中的内容相附和.

再看B,说"legal services is too irregular",这跟文章第一段的第二句不相附.因为文章用irregular来描述goods,并非service.