[讨论]大全82(19/22)新疑点

weiyu已经在http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=25&ID=47504&replyID=398246&skin=1上详细分析了原文,但我仍有不解之处.

    Comparable worth is a concept that rejects the premise of a separate and lower wage hierarchy for jobs that are done primarily by women, arguing instead that earnings should reflect only the worth of the work performed. This worth should be determined by an evaluation system that rates jobs according to their social importance and skill requirements. Because comparable worth does not attack all forms of inequality, it can have only a modest direct effect on the overall degree of inequality in society, but in attacking gender inequality in the job classification system it attacks a major component of gender inequality in the United States. The likelihood that other forms of inequality will become more manifest with the lessening of gender inequality is not a valid argument against comparable worth. Indeed, struggles for comparable worth may help launch campaigns against similar forms of inequity. Still, while conservatives have battled hard against comparable worth, radicals have been reluctant to fight for it because they see the narrow presentations in comparable worth litigation as the limits of the concept. But in addition to helping redress particular inequities, comparable worth could open a discussion of the entire wage system. Its theoretical and political impact will reach far beyond the framework in which it was conceived and force a rethinking of assumptions underlying current employment practices and the market itself.

    How comparable worth will affect the hierarchy of wages is more difficult to foresee. It does not directly challenge the concept of a hierarchy; in fact, its insistence that jobs must be evaluated implies a hierarchy. However, its rejection of the market as an adequate basis for determining wages initiates a discussion of how value should be assigned to jobs. Advocates of comparable worth have challenged prevailing standards of evaluation, which them from formal job ovalions first developed in industrial settings. These evaluations, based on points awarded for different job tasks, gave considerable emphasis to such activities as strenuous lifting and the operation of expensive equipment. Consequently, the skills and knowledge more typical of work done by women are less heavily emphasized. The `Dictionary of Occupational Titles’ reveals numerous current instances of such imbalance in job ratings.

    While comparable-worth advocates accept the principle of a hierarchy of wages, arguing only that they seek more objective measures of job worth, the issues they raise provoke a broader debate. This debate does not, as the opponents have claimed, concern the feasibility of setting up and applying evaluative standards. Employers have done that for centuries. Rather, the debate is about the social values and priorities
                underlying the wage hierarchy and, ultimately, the market where age-old conventions and political, as opposed to purely economic, forces enter the process of setting wages.

以下是我对该文的理解.

第一段,文章一开头介绍了一个概念,即"什么是Comparable worth"（这并不能取代表作者观点).接着几句话都是在说Comparable worth在反对男女不平等的问题上卓有成效.该段的倒数第二句But in addition to helping redress particular inequities也证实了这一点.紧接着,作者又说comparable worth could open a discussion of the entire wage system,也就是Comparable worth的第二个作用,但没有详细讲.-------故我认为第三题问的potential role and function是指第一段的最后2句话,所以没理由认为D是正确的.

第二段,文章就上一段末谈到的open a discussion of the entire wage system进行详细论述,指出Comparable worth是通过nitiates a discussion of how value should be assigned to jobs来affect the hierarchy of wages
                        的.

第三段,指出Comparable worth引发了更广泛的debate,有关social values and priorities
                            underlying the wage hierarchy and......the market.

纵观全文,文章说了Comparable worth的三个不同层次的作用:首先是最明显的gender equality,其次是深一层的"影响hierarchy of wage",最后是underlying the wage hierarchy的(即更深一层)作用:"引发social values和priorities之间的争论". 所以整篇文章是层层深入的分析Comparable worth这一东东.

问题来了:

(E) scientific experiments

该题问的到底是什么?问描写手法?各个选项说的又是什么?有谁能翻译一下吗?

potential role and function of comparable worth是在第一段的最后2句呀,看不出跟military有什么关系,倒觉的artistic更靠谱(尽管4个选项我都没弄懂.).

(E) less sex-biased

第三段第一句While comparable-worth advocates accept the principle of a hierarchy of wages, arguing only that they seek more objective measures of job worth, the issues they raise provoke a broader debate.中,more objective measures的比较对象一定是前半句提到的hierarchy of wages,而不会是第一段中论述的gender equality或者是第二段中稍带提到的women skills and knowledge. 并且整个第三段也没有提到gender inequality这个问题.只有D项还能跟后面的social value and priorities联系起来(而gender就两种Male/Female,好象跟priorities不相符),使得整个第三段的论述内容一致.

从另方面考虑:第一题的答案已经指出全文的main point是Comparable worth has social implications that extend beyond specific adjustments to the wage hierarchies for men and women.所以文章第三段就不应该再停留在gender equality这层问题上了.

(E) The reassessment of job characteristics as a means for determining just compensation

B项怎么翻译?the role of supply and demand是啥意思?

这篇好像挺难的，一会再仔细读读。

LZ对第一个题的理解有偏差，其实这题是问作者在描述potential role and function of comparable worth时所用的手法常用来描写以下哪件事。

艺术探索？商业交易？犯罪调查？军事行动？科学实验？

注意原文的措辞：Because comparable worth does not attack all forms of inequality, it can have only a modest direct effect on the overall degree of inequality in society, but in attacking gender inequality in the job classification system it attacks a major component of gender inequality in the United States.

再继续研究其它的题。。。

恩,很有道理.感谢LS的指点.理解了题目问什么,那么就不会只盯着第一段最后2句了.

另请再琢磨琢磨第5题.

第5题应该是选E的，LZ分析的也不错，末段已经展开来说明comparable worth带来的影响了。

但出题点所在的这一句话（末段首句）是起了概括作用的，或者说承上启下吧。

While comparable-worth advocates accept the principle of a hierarchy of wages, arguing only that they seek more objective measures of job worth, the issues they raise provoke a broader debate. 尽管comparable worth advocates也承认等级工资体制，只argue说他们追求更客观的工作价值评定方法，这个issues也激起了更广泛的辩论。  这句刚好和前面呼应（argue only的内容就是前面所说的attack a major ... gender inequality）。Because comparable worth does not attack all forms of inequality, it can have only a modest direct effect on the overall degree of inequality in society, but in attacking gender inequality in the job classification system it attacks a major component of gender inequality in the United States.   comparable worth不能攻击所有的社会不平等现象，但是对于整体尤其是性别不平等现象很有作用。

第7题的C大概意思是：对供需关系在工资设定中之作用的观点形成。（翻译得太差了！）

"承上启下"说得好啊!确有道理的.

另外对于末首句,"while"作何解?等于when?觉得怪怪的.

第7题:对供需关系在工资设定中之作用的观点形成,没明白.

while表示让步吧，虽然/尽管comparable-worth只针对...，但还是引起起...。

那个B，真是不会表达，The formulation of attitudes about the role of supply and demand in setting wages，讲大白话吧：供需关系在工资设定中的作用（比如有些工作很多人能做想做，工资可能就低喽，反之亦然），对于这一事情，总得有个看法吧，这个看法怎么怎么形成。。。

将就一下吧。