请教00年10月几道阅读题

不懂几道阅读，请高手指点啊：

第28题：

Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects—an estimated 90 percent of the

 world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of

insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also

 have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for

(5)  communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.

Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past

century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions.

 For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when

 he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total

(10) number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only

 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well

confirmed.

A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between

 temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary

(15) among different animal and plant groups. However, for
                butterflies, variation of species richness

 within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed,

comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still

 mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates, In other words, unlike

 comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation

 (20)phase.

In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical

decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously;

 little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make

 up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that

(25) by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.

（A)European butterfly habitats

(C)    Differences in species richness
within a temperate or a tropical
region

(D)    Comparisons of behavior patterns of
butterflies and certain animal groups

这题答案是C，我选的B，虽然我知道第二段开头已经说明了B的内容已被广泛研究，可L23的这句话： little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution又让我觉得好像也不应该是C啊

此外，文章中的这段话大致意思是什么啊，没太看懂。（L15－20）

However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates, In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.

另外还有第45，49题

or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century. The importance now placed on attractive and harmonious home decoration can also be traced to this period, when Victorian interior arrangements were revised to

(10)       admit greater light and more freely flowing spaces.

The Arts and Crafts Movement reacted against mechanized processes that threatened handcrafts and resulted in cheapened, monotonous merchandise. Founded in the late nineteenth century by British social critics John Ruskin and William Morris, the movement revered craft as a form of art. In a rapidly industrializing society, most

(15)       Victorians agreed that art was an essential moral ingredient in the home environment, and in many middle- and working-class homes craft was the
                                only form of art, Ruskin and his followers criticized not only the degradation of artisans reduced to machine operators, but also the impending loss of daily contact with handcrafted objects, fashioned with pride, integrity, and attention to beauty.

(20)              In
                                    the United States as well as in Great Britain, reformers extolled the virtues of

handcrafted objects: simple, straightforward design; solid materials of good quality; and sound, enduring construction techniques. These criteria were interpreted in a variety of styles, ranging from rational and geometric to romantic or naturalistic. Whether abstract, stylized, or realistically treated, the consistent theme in virtually all Arts and Crafts

(25)       design is nature.

The Arts and Crafts Movement was much more than a particular style; it was a philosophy of domestic life. Proponents believed that if simple design, high-quality materials, and honest construction were realized in the home and its appointments, then the occupants would enjoy moral and therapeutic effects. For both artisan and consumer,

(30)       the Arts and Crafts doctrine was seen as a magical force against the undesirable effects of industrialization.

45.  According to paragraph 2, the handcrafted objects in the homes of middle- and working-class families usually were   

(A)    made by members of the family

(B)     the least expensive objects in their
homes

(C)    regarded as being morally uplifting

(D)    thought to symbolize progress