OG2020每日閱讀訓練練習D6

Pistachio_lin · 发表于 2022-3-13 09:41:57

Hi 大家好, 閱讀打卡訓練第6天。

Materials/sources: OG2020

Passage:

The dry mountain ranges of the western United States contain rocks dating back 440 to 510 million years, to the Ordovician period, and teeming with evidence of tropical marine life. This rock record provides clues about one of the most significant radiations (periods when existing life-forms gave rise to variations that would eventually evolve into entirely new species) in the history of marine invertebrates. During this radiation the number of marine biological families increased greatly, and these families included species that would dominate the marine ecosystems of the area for the next 215 million years. Although the radiation spanned tens of millions of years, major changes in many species occurred during a geologically short time span within the radiation and, furthermore, appear to have occurred worldwide,suggesting that external events were major factors in the radiation. And , in fact, there is evidence of major ecological and geological changes during this period: the sea level dropped drastically and mountain ranges were formed, in this instance, rather than leading to large-scale extinctions, these kinds of environmental changes may have resulted in an enriched pattern of habitats and nutrients, which in turn gave rise to the Ordovician radiation. However, the actual relationship between these environmental factors and the diversification of life forms is not yet fully understood.these kinds of environmental changes may have resulted in an enriched pattern of habitats and nutrients, which in turn gave rise to the Ordovician radiation. However, the actual relationship between these environmental factors and the diversification of life forms is not yet fully understood.these kinds of environmental changes may have resulted in an enriched pattern of habitats and nutrients, which in turn gave rise to the Ordovician radiation. However, the actual relationship between these environmental factors and the diversification of life forms is not yet fully understood. 系統一直自動重複這些字，無法刪除。

簡化/思路: The dry mountain ranges of the western United States contain rocks dating back 440 to 510 million years, to the Ordovician period, and teeming with evidence of tropical marine life. (第一句作者想講的是這些石頭, 以及他們的兩個特徵－所屬時代與是熱帶海洋生物的存在證據- 心中想一下，作者應該是會繼續接著談這些石頭能像徵什麼或是帶來什麼發現) This rock record provides clues about one of the most significant radiations (periods when existing life-forms gave rise to variations that would eventually evolve into entirely new species) in the history of marine invertebrates. (立馬就解釋這些石頭給出什麼訊息- most significant radiation in history of marine invertebrates)

During this radiation the number of marine biological families increased greatly, and these families included species that would dominate the marine ecosystems of the area for the next 215 million years. (進一步說明這些radiation; 在這裡暫停一下，腦中思考一下; rocks -> clues about one of most significant radiations -> (during) marine biological famililes increased "greatly")
Although the radiation spanned tens of millions of years, major changes in many species occurred during a geologically short time span within the radiation and, furthermore, appear to have occurred worldwide, suggesting that external events were major factors in the radiation. (句話在做練習的當下沒有讀得很明白，只能大概推出 1. 主要的改變都發生在相對短的時間內2. 改變似乎是全球性的, 這一點說出外在環境改變是radiation的主要因素- 試著看看能不能在接下來的段落找到答案)
And , in fact, there is evidence of major ecological and geological changes during this period: the sea level dropped drastically and mountain ranges were formed, in this instance, rather than leading to large-scale extinctions, these kinds of environmental changes may have resulted in an enriched pattern of habitats and nutrients, which in turn gave rise to the Ordovician radiation. (這裡說出上一句想表達的重點: 地貌/生態先改變-> Ordovician radiation; 但是那一句Although是做什麼用的？在上一句想radiation期間很多生物數量激增，並且在後面的期間一直佔主導地位，although的這一句想說明radiation是怎麼來的。由下一句："外在環境的變化(豐富的棲息地與營養)" -> radiation; ecological and geological changes 去說明是先有了地貌變化才發生了radiation.) However, the actual relationship between these environmental factors and the diversification of life forms is not yet fully understood.

(最後，文章講了這麼多; 作者說環境因素與生物多樣化的關係還尚未明朗, 其實也合理，上面都只說明了現象，但具體的因果關係並沒有說明，文中也沒有特別提到因果關係)

段落整理/大意分析(只有一段).
三個邏輯
rocks -> clues of radiation -> marine life greatly increased;
causes of this Ordovician radiation. <- ecological and geological changes;
enviromental factors <-> diversification of life form = up in the air.

1. The passage is primarily concerned with (A) evaluating the evidence of a major geologic period and determining its duration (B) describing an evolutionary phenomenon and speculating about its cause (同分析，先說明進化現象, 然後在文末處留下伏筆，說明還有事情上為釐清，還在尋找真的進化原因)

(C) explaining the mechanisms through which marine life-forms evolved during a particular period
(D) analyzing the impact on later life-forms of an important evolutionary development
(E) contrasting a period of evolutionary change with other such periods

2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding the geologic changes that occurred during Ordovician period?
(A) They were more drastic than those associated with other radiations. (沒提到)
(B) They may have created conditions favorable to the evolution of many new life-forms. (定位: rather than leading to large-scale extinctions, these kinds of environmental changes may have resulted in an enriched pattern of habitats and nutrients)
(C) They may have caused the extinction of many of the marine species living in shallow waters. (文章沒說)
(D) They may have been a factor in the development of new species adapted to living both on land and in water. (文章沒說)
(E) They hastened the formation of the extensive dry regions found in the western united states. (文章沒說)

<自己的思路: 其實在在寫這個總結的時候，才想到，原文裡面用了may, 這裡問了inference, 文章最後一句寫environmental facors and the diversification之間的關係尚未明朗, 所以這一題裡面的定位句用了"may", 說明有可能的原因, 也呼應上一題"speculating about its cause">

3. Which of the following best describes the function of last sentence of the passage?
(A) it points out that the events described in the passage may be atypical. (B) it alludes to the fact that there is disagreement in the scientific community over the importance of the Ordovician radiation. (allude to sb/sth: 暗指)
(C) it concludes that the evidence presented in the passage is insufficient to support the proposed hypothesis because it comes from a limited geographic area.
(D) it warns the reader against seeing a connection between the biological and geologic changes described in the passage. (覺得這個是很強的干擾項, 最後一句並沒有warn against這個connection, 沒有說這個connection怎麼樣，不對等等。而只有說目前這個connection - relationship - 的關係還沒有尚未被很完全的弄清楚)
(E) it alerts the reader that current knowledge cannot completely explain the relationship suggested by the evidence presented in the passage. (沒錯，文章內也沒有很明確指出或是解釋這兩個事件的實際關係是如何)

OG2020每日閱讀訓練練習D6

所属分类: GMAT考试

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