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Chapter 2- Breaking Down the Passage
1. Engage with the passage - pretend you enjoy reading
2. The point - thesis statement
a. Most often found in the first paragraph or the beginning of the second paragraph
3. Support and Background
4. Counterpoints, acknowledgments, and implications
a. Counterpoints - information that goes against the author's point (or at least appears to)
b. Acknowledgments - a certain point or piece of evidence that does not support the point but that doesn't go against it either
5. Language clues
a. Big picture
b. Foreshadowing
c. Changes of direction
d. Detail
6. Big picture
a. Introduces or summarizes some kind of main idea
b. A generalization or conclusion follows
i. In general, to a great extent, broadly speaking, in conclusion, in sum., in brief, therefore, thus, so, hence, as a result, overall
c. Two or more important points or examples are outlined
i. First, second, to begin with, next, finally, again
d. A named person or group holds a specific theory or opinion
i. X argues that, X contends that, theory, hypothesis
7. Foreshadowing
a. Anticipate the point or other important ideas in the passage
b. Question in the beginning of a passage
i. Author may address in the passage, provide opinion
c. acknowledge a valid opposing point
i. Traditionally, for some time, it was once believed, it had been assumed, some people claim (believe, define, attribute), it is true that
d. Possible fix for problem or answer to question
i. Statement of a problem or question
e. New or different theory or idea coming up soon
i. Current theory, conventional wisdom
8. Changes of direction
a. Indicate contrasting ideas
i. However; Yet; On one hand/On the other hand; While; Rather; Instead; In contrast; Alternatively
b. Conclude a point (author reluctantly agrees)
i. Granted; It is true that; Certainly; Admittedly; despite, although
c. Indicate an unexpected result or phenomenon
i. Actually, in fact, indeed, surprisingly
d. Assert a position after conceding a point
i. Nevertheless, nonetheless, that said, even so
e. Something appeared to be a certain way, but it really wasn't that way at all
i. Supposedly, it was once thought, seemingly
9. Detail - understand why the information is there
a. Provide an example
i. For example, as an example, in particular, for instance
b. Add to something that was already said
i. Furthermore, moreover, in addition, as well as, also, likewise, too
c. Provide a new example or detail that goes along with a previous one
i. Likewise, in the same way
d. Restate something that was already said
i. In other words, that is, namely, so to speak, a semicolon
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发表于 2019-5-25 21:00:58