GWD12的第一篇阅读4-7（觉得我的答案不对请指出)

philikittist

有不同版本的答安，以前的讨论也是不了了之，请大家确认一次

Q4 to Q7:

      The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)       to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

(10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

(15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

       jays to remember the type, location, and

       freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

(25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

(30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

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Q4:

The primary purpose of the passage is to 选B

              

explain how the findings of a particular experiment have been interpreted and offer an alternative interpretation

describe a particular experiment and point out one of its limitations

present similarities between human memory and animal memory

point out a flaw in the argument that a certain capacity is uniquely human

account for the unexpected behavior of animal subjects in a particular experiment

Answer:

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Q5:

According to the passage, Clayton’s experiment depended on the fact that scrub jays

             选C

recall “when” and “where” information more distinctly than “what” information

are not able to retain information about a single past event for an indefinitely long period of time

choose peanuts over crickets when the crickets have been stored for a long period of time

choose crickets over peanuts whenever both are available

prefer peanuts that have been stored for a short period to crickets that have been stored for a short period

Answer:

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Q6:选C

The passage suggests that Clayton’s experiment demonstrated scrub jays’ ability to

              

choose different storage places for different kinds of food to minimize the rate at which a food will degrade

unlearn a behavior they use in the wild in order to adapt to laboratory conditions

bind together information about different aspects of a single past event

reexperience a past event in memory and act accordingly

distinguish one learning event from a subsequent learning event

Answer:

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Q7:选E(2个版本答案都选A,我觉得A显然不对，最开始提出概念的科学甲虽然定义em是人的行为，但它对动物的能力根本没有评价过。E是开头破折号的内容结合文章最后一句话的内容。）

It can be inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the following statements?

Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.

Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory.

The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.

Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals.

The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory.

我爱宝宝

e与观点一相反了，错。

A:错。不是原观点内容

B：是原观点内容，但与新观点内容有偏差

C: 新观点内容，原观点无

d：原、新都没有

E：与原观点相反

to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacity；原观点认为它们是人独有的

The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory.；e说不是独有的

这题我选不出答案，最后选了B，也希望有好心NN帮助分析一下。

philikittist

宝宝说的是最后一题吧，我认为没有反：首先明确一下E说的binding的能力不是em，而是e-like的能力。（咱们是这个上的理解不同么？）

那个引出概念的科学家说the ability to recollect specific past events,  to travel back into the past in one’s own mind才是em,而the capacity simply to use information acquired through past experiences不是em.

做实验的科学家也没把那个鸟的行为当作em,而是当作e-like，说明这2个人在difinition得认识上是一致的。

我爱宝宝

The term “episodic memory” was  introduced by Tulving to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacity— the ability to recollect specific past events,to travel back into the past in one’s own mind—as distinct from the capacity simply to use information acquired through past experiences.

The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory.

mm, 你对了。我先入为主，错了，这种题目不该做错的。

cocoabean

呵呵, 谢谢猫猫的提醒, 小东西的眼可真尖, 我刚刚才看见原来是两个东西.

The binding of different kinds 是episodic-like 的 特点, 不是a distinctive feature of episodic memory

queen1

What's wrong with E?

bigdog1220

Subsequently, Clayton et al.
developed criteria to test for episodic

(10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.

From above, answer E to Q7 is wrong. A is the correct answer.

mikeleven

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=25&id=66111&star=1#714026

GMAT阿驴

It can be inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the following statements?

1. Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.
   
2. Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory.
   
3. The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.
   
4. Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals.
   
5. The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory.

我认为A 是对的

The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)       to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.

(30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

(1)从这两部分可以看出 CLAYTON 觉得实验有limited =>>not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.

(2)而T 只说人有又没有说到动物有episodic memory =>> 这个基于动物的实验是 not conclusive evidence of episodic memory. (因为人有episodic memory 但动物不一定啊)

请指教

maxin18

选A，同意。