OG Q54,Q55求解答

歆欣12388

(This passage was adapted from an article written in 1992.)
Some observers have attributed the dramatic
growth in temporary employment that occurred in
the United States during the 1980s to increased
participation in the workforce by certain groups,
such as first-time or reentering workers, who
supposedly prefer such arrangements. However,
statistical analyses reveal that demographic
changes in the workforce did not correlate with
variations in the total number of temporary
workers. Instead, these analyses suggest that
factors affecting employers account for the rise
in temporary employment. One factor is product
demand: temporary employment is favored by
employers who are adapting to fluctuating demand
for products while at the same time seeking
to reduce overall labor costs. Another factor
is labor’s reduced bargaining strength, which
allows employers more control over the terms of
employment. Given the analyses, which reveal that
growth in temporary employment now far exceeds
the level explainable by recent workforce entry
rates of groups said to prefer temporary jobs, firms
should be discouraged from creating excessive
numbers of temporary positions. Government
policymakers should consider mandating benefit
coverage for temporary employees, promoting pay
equity between temporary and permanent workers,
assisting labor unions in organizing temporary
workers, and encouraging firms to assign temporary
jobs primarily to employees who explicitly indicate
that preference.

54. The first sentence in the passage suggests that the
“observers” mentioned in line 1 would be most likely to
predict which of the following?
(A) That the number of new temporary positions
would decline as fewer workers who preferred
temporary employment entered the workforce
(B) That the total number of temporary positions
would increase as fewer workers were able to
find permanent positions
(C) That employers would have less control over the
terms of workers’ employment as workers
increased their bargaining strength
(D) That more workers would be hired for temporary
positions as product demand increased
(E) That the number of workers taking temporary
positions would increase as more workers in any
given demographic group entered the workforce

为什么选择A？从原文哪里可以推断出该结论？


55. In the context of the passage, the word “excessive” (line
21) most closely corresponds to which of the
following phrases?
(A) Far more than can be justified by worker
preferences
(B) Far more than can be explained by fluctuations in
product demand.
(C) Far more than can be beneficial to the success of the
firms themselves.
(D) Far more than can be accounted for by an expanding
national economy.
(E) Far more than can be attributed to increases in the
total number of people in the workforce.
正确答案A，我想知道该题解答时从哪里找切入点，你们在做的时候是什么思路？

tuscan

第一题，观察家们的结论是大量临时工的产生是由于大量职场新人的涌入，且新人喜欢临时工岗位。那么反过来推只要新人数量变少临时工岗位也会相应变少。但事实是临时工岗位并不由新人决定，而是由产品周期和工人谈判力下降决定的。

第二题，理解了第一题之后应该很容易得出答案，“多余的”临时工岗位是被迫创造出来的，并不是因为求职者喜欢而产生的。因此这些岗位不能被work preference解释

tuscan

在英语中excessive通常是表示贬义的“多余”

歆欣12388

恩，谢谢啦