[求助]大全63-37篇

easy4meeeeee

 

 Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of

  manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile

  industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that

  Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment

(5) and techniques as United States firms but have bene-

  fited from the unique characteristics of Japanese

  employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this

  were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants

  in the United States to perform no better than factories

(10) run by United States companies. This is not the case,

  Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United

  States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated

  higher levels of productivity when compared with facto-

  ries owned by United States companies.

(15)  Other observers link high Japanese productivity to

  higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a

  historical perspective leads to a different conclusion.

  When the two top Japanese automobile makers

  matched and then doubled United States productivity

(20) levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per

   employee was comparable to that of United States

   firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of

   fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was

   roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States.

(25) Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had

   to be other factors that led to higher productivity.

     A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese

   production techniques. Japanese automobile producers

   did not simply implement conventional processes more

(30)
     effectively: they made critical changes in United States

   procedures. For instance, the mass-production philos-

   ophy of United States automakers encouraged the

   production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully

   expensive, component-specific equipment and to

(35)
     occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute

   one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to

   make small-lot production feasible by introducing

   several departures from United States practices,

   including the use of flexible equipment that could be

(40) altered easily to do several different production tasks

   and the training of workers in multiple jobs.

   Automakers could schedule the production of different

   components or models on single machines, thereby

   eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra

(45) components that result when specialized equipment

   and workers are kept constantly active.

 

 

 

 

3. Which of the following statements concerning the

  productivity levels of automakers can be inferred from

  the passage?A

  (A) Prior to the 1960’s, the productivity levels of the top

     Japanese automakers were exceeded by those of

     United States automakers.

  (B) The culture of a country has a large effect on the

     productivity levels of its automakers.

  (C) During the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, 

 productivity levels were comparable in Japan and

 the United States.

  (D) The greater the number of cars that are produced in 

     a single lot, the higher a plant’s productivity level.

  (E) The amount of capital investment made by

     automobile manufacturers in their factories

     determines the level of productivity.

 

文中的信息如何得到A这个结论的呢?

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-9-25 13:30:34编辑过]

qianrene

 When the two top Japanese automobile makers

  matched and then doubled United States productivity

(20) levels in the mid-sixties