Findings from several studies on corporate mergers and acquisitions during the 1970’s and 1980’s raise Line questions about why firms initiate and (5) consummate such transactions. One study showed, for example, that acquir- ing firms were on average unable to maintain acquired firms’ pre-merger levels of profitability. A second study (10) concluded that post-acquisition gains to most acquiring firms were not ade- quate to cover the premiums paid to obtain acquired firms. A third demonstrated that, following the (15) announcement of a prospective merger, the stock of the prospective acquiring firm tends to increase in value much less than does that of the firm for which it bids. Yet merg- (20) ers and acquisitions remain common, and bidders continue to assert that their objectives are economic ones. Acquisitions may well have the desir- able effect of channeling a nation’s (25) resources efficiently from less to more efficient sectors of its economy, but the individual acquisitions execu- tives arranging these deals must see them as advancing either their own or (30) their companies’ private economic interests. It seems that factors hav- ing little to do with corporate economic interests explain acquisitions. These factors may include the incentive (35) compensation of executives, lack of monitoring by boards of directors, and managerial error in estimating the value of firms targeted for acquisition. Alternatively, the acquisition acts of (40) bidders may derive from modeling: a manager does what other man- agers do. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q11: According to the passage, during the 1970’s and 1980’s bidding firms differed from the firms for which they bid in that bidding firms - tended to
be more profitable before a merger than after a merger - were more
often concerned about the impact of acquisitions on national economies - were run
by managers whose actions were modeled on those of other managers - anticipated
greater economic advantages from prospective mergers - experienced
less of an increase in stock value when a prospective merger was announced
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