[原创]06.03考到的GWD阅读汇总(28日更新,文章可下载))

Norrington

一篇是GWD3上面的商业策略(非重点,好像只听说有人考了一次)

一篇是GWD17的HEALTH UNION

一篇是GWD21的LABEL

一篇是GWD的ROCK

目前共四篇,有新的话及时更新

文章全文可以下载(有答案),我已经考完,希望大家也能取得好成绩, 自身努力+多做善事=GMAT 700+

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-3-28 23:26:29编辑过]

dou99

感谢楼主！

急死啦！找不到gwd21的label的那篇？能否给贴出来一下啊？

不好意思，谢谢啦！！

Norrington

Seventeenth-century

       philosopher John Locke

       stated that as much as

Line       99 percent of the value of

  (5)      any useful product can be

attributed to “the effects of

labor.”  For Locke’s intellec-

tual heirs it was only a short

step to the “labor theory of

(10)      value,” whose formulators

held that 100 percent of the

value of any product is gen-

erated by labor (the human

work needed to produce

(15)      goods) and that therefore the

employer who appropriates

any part of the product’s

value as profit is practicing

theft.

(20)            Although human effort is

       required to produce goods

       for the consumer market,

effort is also invested in

making capital goods (tools,

(25)      machines, etc.), which are

used to facilitate the produc-

tion of consumer goods.  In

modern economies about

one-third of the total output of

(30)      consumer goods is attribut-

able to the use of capital

goods.  Approximately two-

       thirds of the income derived

from this total output is paid

(35)    out to workers as wages and

salaries, the remaining third

serving as compensation

to the owners of the capital

      goods.  Moreover, part

(40)     of this remaining third is

received by workers who

are shareholders, pension

beneficiaries, and the like.

The labor theory of value

(45)      systematically disregards

the productive contribution of

capital goods—a failing for

which Locke must bear part

of the blame.

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Q7:

According to the author of the passage, which of the following is true of the distribution of the income derived from the total output of consumer goods in a modern economy?

              

1. Workers receive a share of this income that is significantly smaller than the value of their labor as a contribution to total output.


2. Owners of capital goods receive a share of this income that is significantly greater than the contribution to total output attributable to the use of capital goods.


3. Owners of capital goods receive a share of this income that is no greater than the proportion of total output attributable to the use of capital goods.


4. Owners of capital goods are not fully compensated for their investment because they pay out most of their share of this income to workers as wages and benefits.


5. Workers receive a share of this income that is greater than the value of their labor because the labor theory of value overestimates their contribution to total output.

Answer:

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Q8:

The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

              

1. criticizing Locke’s economic theories


2. discounting the contribution of labor in a modern economy


3. questioning the validity of the labor theory of value


4. arguing for a more equitable distribution of business profits


5. contending that employers are overcompensated for capital goods

Answer:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q9:

Which of the following arguments would a proponent of the labor theory of value, as it is presented in the first paragraph, be most likely to use in response to the statement that “The labor theory of value systematically disregards the productive contribution of capital goods” (lines 44-47)?

              

1. The productive contributions of workers and capital goods cannot be compared because the productive life span of capital goods is longer than that of workers.


2. The author’s analysis of the distribution of income is misleading because only a small percentage of workers are also shareholders.


3. Capital goods are valuable only insofar as they contribute directly to the production of consumer goods.


4. The productive contribution of capital goods must be discounted because capital goods require maintenance.


5. The productive contribution of capital goods must be attributed to labor because capital goods are themselves products of labor.

Answer:

CAE

sijersun

Good job!

beautywawa

感謝分享！

追逐梦想2006

感谢Norrington的分享，有你帮大家精心挑选，3月的考友真是受益匪浅

tanwt

any more about January or February,pls?

thanks

dou99

请问楼主gwd3的商业策略是不是如下一篇啊？

多谢啊！！

      Why firms adhere to or deviate

            from their strategic plans is poorly

            understood.  However, theory and

Line     limited research suggest that the

  (5)      process through which such plans

emerge may play a part.  In particular,

top management decision-sharing—

consensus-oriented, team-based

decision-making—may increase the

(10)     likelihood that firms will adhere to their

plans, because those involved in the

decision-making may be more com-

mitted to the chosen course of action,

thereby increasing the likelihood that

(15)     organizations will subsequently adhere

to their plans.

      However, the relationship between

top management decision-sharing and

adherence to plans may be affected

(20)     by a firm’s strategic mission (its fun-

            damental approach to increasing

            sales revenue and market share, and

generating cash flow and short-term

profits).  At one end of the strategic

(25)     mission continuum, “build” strategies

are pursued when a firm desires to

increase its market share and is willing

to sacrifice short-term profits to do so.

At the other end, “harvest” strategies

(30)     are used when a firm is willing to

sacrifice marked share for short-term

profitability and cash-flow maximiza-

            tion.  Research and theory suggest

that top management decision-sharing

(35)    may have a more positive relationship

with adherence to plans among firms

with harvest strategies than among

firms with build strategies.  In a study

           of strategic practices in several large

(40)    firms, managers in harvest strategy

scenarios were more able to adhere

to their business plans.  As one of the

managers in the study explained it,

this is partly because “[t]ypically all a

(45)     manager has to do [when implementing

a harvest strategy] is that which was

done last year.”  Additionally, man-

agers under harvest strategies may

have fewer strategic options than do

(50)     those under build strategies; it may

therefore be easier to reach agree-

ment on a particular course of action

through decision-sharing, which will

in turn tend to promote adherence

(55)     to plans.  Conversely, in a “build”

strategy scenario, individual leader-

ship, rather than decision-sharing,

may promote adherence to plans.

Build strategies—which typically

(60)     require leaders with strong perso-

nal visions for a firm’s future, rather

than the negotiated compromise

of the team-based decision—may

be most closely adhered to when

(65)     implemented in the context of a clear

strategic vision of an individual leader,

rather than through the practice of

decision-sharing.

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Q23:

Which of the following best describes the function of the first sentence (lines 17-24) of the second paragraph of the passage?

                        

1. To answer a question posed in the first sentence of the passage about why firms adopt particular strategic missions
2. To refute an argument made in the first paragraph about how top management decision-making affects whether firms will adhere to their strategic plans
3. To provide evidence supporting a theory introduced in the first paragraph about what makes firms adhere to or deviate from their strategic plants
4. To qualify an assertion made in the preceding sentence (lines 6-16) about how top management decision-making affects the likelihood that firms will adhere to their strategic plans
5. To explain a distinction relied on in the second paragraph (lines 17-68) regarding two different kinds of strategic missions

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q24:

The passage cites all of the following as differences between firms using build strategies and firms using harvest strategies EXCEPT

                        

1. their willingness to sacrifice short-term profits in order to build market share
2. their willingness to sacrifice building market share in order to increase short-term profitability
3. the number of strategic options available to their managers
4. the relative importance they assign to maximizing cash-flow
5. how likely they are to employ decision-sharing in developing strategic plans

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q25:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

                        

1. identify some of the obstacles that make it difficult for firms to adhere to their strategic business plans
2. compare two different theories concerning why firms adhere to or deviate from their strategic plans
3. evaluate the utility of top management decision-sharing as a method of implementing the strategic mission of a business
4. discuss the respective advantages and disadvantages of build and harvest strategies among several large firms
5. examine some of the factors that may affect whether or not firms adhere to their strategic plans

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q26:

The author includes the quotation in lines 44-47 of the passage most probably in order to

1. lend support to the claim that firms utilizing harvest strategies may be more likely to adhere to their strategic plans
2. suggest a reason that many managers of large firm prefer harvest strategies to build strategies
3. provide an example of a firm that adhered to its strategic plan because of the degree of its managers’ commitment
4. demonstrate that managers implementing harvest strategies generally have better strategic options than do managers implementing build strategies
5. give an example of a large firm that successfully implemented a harvest strategy

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Q27:

Competition in the mid-nineteenth century by large western farms gradually caused farmers in Pennsylvania to turn to livestock raising, but before that it was predominantly grain-producing.

1. Competition in the mid-nineteenth century by large western farms gradually caused farmers in Pennsylvania to turn to livestock raising, but before that it was predominantly grain-producing.
2. Once predominantly a grain-producing state, competition in the mid-nineteenth century from large western farms gradually was causing Pennsylvania’s farmers to turn to livestock raising.
3. Pennsylvania’s farmers were gradually caused to turn to livestock raising by competition from large western farms in the mid-nineteenth century, but before that it was predominantly a grain-producing state.
4. It was once predominantly grain-producing, but competition in the mid-nineteenth century by large western farms was gradually causing Pennsylvania’s farmers to turn to livestock raising.
5. Pennsylvania was once a predominantly grain-producing state, but competition in the mid-nineteenth century from large western farms gradually caused the state’s farmers to turn to livestock raising.

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Q28:

The coyote is one of several recent ecological success stories:  along with the white-tailed deer, the moose, and other species that are enlarging their natural domains, they have established themselves as supreme adapters in an era when the capability to adjust to the environmental changes wrought by human beings has created a whole new class of dominant large mammals.

1. they have established themselves as supreme adapters in an era when the capability
2. they have established themselves as being supreme adapters in an era when being able
3. it has established itself as a supreme adapter in an era when to be able
4. it has established itself as being a supreme adapter in an era when its ability
5. it has established itself as a supreme adapter in an era when the ability

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-3-26 21:40:59编辑过]

dou99

sorry，我把后面的27，28题也贴上去了。但不知道为什么删不掉？

请版主帮帮忙！

Norrington

是的,以前有人发我这题