GWD-23-q27 没人问过

Jackjokes

A pressing need in the study of
  organizations is for more research
  into how an organization’s values (an
Line  organization’s guiding principles and
 (5)  beliefs as perceived by its members)
affect managerial decision-making.
Traditional theories have been based
on a “rational model,” which focuses
on the decision-maker and either
(10)  ignores the organizational value cli-
mate or conveniently assumes that the
organization’s values are consistent or
clearly prioritized.  In reality, however,
decisions are shaped not only by a
(15)  manager’s own values, but also by
those of the corporate culture and of
organizational superiors.  A recent
study found that managers’ most
stressful decisions involved “value
(20)  contention” (conflicts among any of
  these sets of values).  Furthermore,
  different types of organizational value
systems were associated with differ-
ent frequencies of contending values
(25)  as well as with different types of man-
agerial response.  Explicit corporate
values, for example, produced a
greater percentage of decisions that
were stressful due to value conten-
(30)  tion.  Hidden values (those that an
organization practices but does not
acknowledge or which a superior
  furtively pursues in opposition to the
values of the organization) produced
(35) a lower level of value contention.
Although explicit values created
more value contention, they were
nonetheless more likely to produce
  flexible, well-reasoned decisions.
(40) Conversely, managers perplexed by
hidden values reported feeling unable
to identify an appropriate range of
options.

According to the passage, value contention has been shown to affect managers by

[tr][/tr][td][/td]A.decreasing their ability to discern clearly the guiding principles and beliefs of the organization
[tr][/tr][td][/td]B.narrowing their range of options in the decision
-making process
C.[tr][/tr][td][/td]increasing the frequency and intensity of conflicts with superiors and subordinates
[tr][/tr][td][/td]D.decreasing their ability to discern clearly the guiding principles and beliefs of the organization
E.increasing the level of mental or emotional strain that accompanies the decision-making process

Answer:E   真心求定位求解答，大谢~~