请教商学院入学考试指导（下）阅读增补篇 passage2 P36 ，超难

edwardelric

Woodrow Wilson was referring to the liberal idea of the economic market when he said that the free enterprise system is the most efficient economic system. Maximum freedom means maximum productiveness; our “openness” is to be the measure of our stability. Fascination with this ideal has made Americans defy the “Old World” categories of settled possessiveness versus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a “status quo” defended or attacked. The United States, it was believed, had no status quo ante. Our only “station” was the turning of a stationary wheel, spinning faster and faster. We did not base our system on property but opportunity—which meant we based it not on stability but on mobility. The more things changed, that is, the more rapidly the wheel turned, the steadier we would be. The conventional picture of class politics is composed of the Haves, who want a stability to keep what they have, and the Have-Nots, who want a touch of instability and change in which to scramble for the things they have not. But Americans imagined a condition in which speculators, self-makers, runners are always using the new opportunities given by our land. These economic leaders (front-runners) would thus be mainly agents of change. The nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability, a strong referee to give them some position in the race, a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggered “starting lines.”
“Reform” in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, “a piece of the action,” as it were, for the disenfranchised. There is no attempt to call off the race. Since our only stability is change, America seems not to honor the quiet work that achieves social interdependence and stability. There is, in our legends, no heroism of the office clerk, no stable industrial work force of the people who actually make the system work. There is no pride in being an employee (Wilson asked for a return to the time when everyone was an employer). There has been no boasting about our social workers—they are merely signs of the system’s failure, of opportunity denied or not taken, of things to be eliminated. We have no pride in our growing interdependence, in the fact that our system can serve others, that we are able to help those in need; empty boasts from the past make us ashamed of our present achievements, make us try to forget or deny them, move away from them. There is no honor but in the Wonderland race we must all run, all trying to win, none winning in the end (for there is no end).
1.    The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) criticize the inflexibility of American economic mythology
(B) contrast “Old World” and “New World” economic ideologies
(C) challenge the integrity of traditional political leaders
(D) champion those Americans whom the author deems to be neglected
(E) suggest a substitute for the traditional metaphor of a race
2.    According to the passage, “Old World” values were based on
(A) ability
(B) property
(C) family connections
(D) guild hierarchies
(E) education
3.    In the context of the author’s discussion of regulating change, which of the following could be most probably regarded as a “strong referee” (line 30) in the United States?
(A) A school principal
(B) A political theorist
(C) A federal court judge
(D) A social worker
(E) A government inspector
4.    The author sets off the word “Reform” (line 35) with quotation marks in order to
(A) emphasize its departure from the concept of settled possessiveness
(B) show his support for a systematic program of change
(C) underscore the flexibility and even amorphousness of United States society
(D) indicate that the term was one of Wilson’s favorites
(E) assert that reform in the United States has not been fundamental
5.    It can be inferred from the passage that the author most probably thinks that giving the disenfranchised “a piece of the action” (line 38) is
(A) a compassionate, if misdirected, legislative measure
(B) an example of Americans’ resistance to profound social change
(C) an innovative program for genuine social reform
(D) a monument to the efforts of industrial reformers
(E) a surprisingly “Old World” remedy for social ills
6.    Which of the following metaphors could the author most appropriately use to summarize his own assessment of the American economic system (lines 35-60)?
(A) A windmill
(B) A waterfall
(C) A treadmill
(D) A gyroscope
(E) A bellows
7.    It can be inferred from the passage that Woodrow Wilson’s ideas about the economic market
(A) encouraged those who “make the system work” (lines 45-46)
(B) perpetuated traditional legends about America
(C) revealed the prejudices of a man born wealthy
(D) foreshadowed the stock market crash of 1929
(E) began a tradition of presidential proclamations on economics
8.    The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions?
I.    What techniques have industrialists used to manipulate a free market?
II.    In what ways are “New World” and “Old World” economic policies similar?
III.    Has economic policy in the United States tended to reward independent action?
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) II and III only
9.    Which of the following best expresses the author’s main point?
(A) Americans’ pride in their jobs continues to give them stamina today.
(B) The absence of a status quo ante has undermined United States economic structure.
(C) The free enterprise system has been only a useless concept in the United States.
(D) The myth of the American free enterprise system is seriously flawed.
(E) Fascination with the ideal of “openness” has made Americans a progressive people.

第三题 你会选择e 认为 goverment inspector ~ 而答案是c  a federal court judge
根据文章意思，就在这句话上
第四题
主要要认识生词sterile，是贫瘠，不育的意思
第五题根据文章意思，是负面的，说改革没啥改的
根据文章就能推断出来
第六题就是生词
第七题是分析文章正副面得出来的
第八题就是所了第三个，别的看不出来
我只能这么讲了
一我不知道你的选择的是什么
二我不知道你的不解在哪里

edwardelric

第四题目
a选项时说他偏离了固定的占有权的概念
提到咱有权也就是只有这样一句话
Fascination with this ideal has made Americans defy the “Old World” categories of settled possessiveness versus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a “status quo” defended or attacked.
对这个想法的着迷是美国人否认旧世界关于固定的占有权和不固定的侵犯剥削，....，的分类
第四题目说了这个提出报价市场的改革是为了说明什么
文章的摄提点也就是
“Reform” in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, “a piece of the action,” as it were, for the disenfranchised
because用了极其绕口的比喻说想到没改变，除了通过扩大竞赛的这个比喻，给连没选举权的人，让他们加入竞争行列...（毫无意义）
还是再说改革没有啥变
在看a 就觉得很荒唐啊

下一个第五题
我做题时因为a c d e 太离谱了 根绝文章的感情选了b
这个我讲不出来
第六题
因为在文章的第一段中讲到了静止的与运动的的轮子理论~，转的越快越稳定， 剩下的单词在文章中毫不相关、
只有踏车呀~
Our only “station” was the turning of a stationary wheel, spinning faster and faster. We did not base our system on property but opportunity—which meant we based it not on stability but on mobility. The more things changed, that is, the more rapidly the wheel turned, the steadier we would be.
第八题
Since our only stability is change, America seems not to honor the quiet work that achieves social interdependence and stability

We have no pride in our growing interdependence,

想这样有大量比喻文章在里面的，他的理解需要很强的文化背景，如果你做了最后面的160多个阅读时候
文学类的题目都是这样，很难翻译精确，但是通过文章的感情变化~跟逻辑的变化能够做出来~

edwardelric

我其实也没觉得b多好~不是太喜欢perpetuated 但是相比之下还是b好一些~呵呵，e 选项 开始了一个传统~我没看出来，是ww很牛但是他开始了一个....是很不地道的