prep2-essay6-Q20

houzhongxu

以下是引用Dancy123在2009-6-4 11:02:00的发言：

According to P. F. Drucker, the management philosophy known as Total Quality Management (TQM), which is designed to be adopted consistently throughout an organization and to improve customer service by using sampling theory to reduce the variability of a product's quality, can work successfully in conjunction with two older management systems.  As Drucker notes, TQM's scientific approach is consistent with the statistical sampling techniques of the "rationalist" school of scientific management, and the organizational structure associated with TQM is consistent with the social and psychological emphases of the "human relations" school of management.

However, TQM cannot simply be grafted onto these systems or onto certain other non-TQM management systems.  Although, as Drucker contends, TQM shares with such systems the ultimate objective of increasing profitability, TQM requires fundamentally different strategies.  While the other management systems referred to use upper management decision-making and employee specialization to maximize shareholder profits over the short term, TQM envisions the interests of employees, shareholders, and customers as convergent.  For example, lower prices not only benefit consumers but also enhance an organization's competitive edge and ensure its continuance, thus benefiting employees and owners.  TQM's emphasis on shared interests is reflected in the decentralized decision-making, integrated production activity, and lateral structure of organizations that achieve the benefits of TQM.

Question #20.  196-05  (22190-!-item-!-188;#058&000196-05)

Which of the following best describes the relationship of the second paragraph to the first paragraph?

(A) It presents contrasting explanations for a phenomenon presented in the first paragraph.

(B) It discusses an exception to a general principle outlined in the first paragraph.

(C) It provides information that qualifies a claim presented in the first paragraph.

(D) It presents an example that strengthens a claim presented in the first paragraph.

(E) It presents an alternative approach to solving a problem discussed in the first paragraph.

这个题目答案是C，我觉得不对。因为第二段的内容明明是和第一段的内容成反向关系，怎么可能选C呢？C不是说他们有一个 顺承的关系吗？

第一步，题目问两段关系，没什么感觉，先看看选项吧，希望选项差异帮我scale down需要读的句子

第二步，

A说相反的解释

B说原则的例外

C说修饰信息

D说给了个例子

E说替代的方法

得！各说各的，看来得把两段中心拿下了

第三步，

第一段一共两句，第二句看着像细节，不读了，第一句，which不读了，中心意思是TQM can work successfully in conjunction with two older management systems. 

第二段，好家伙，好几个明显标志的连词，那就把最后结论读一下吧，TQM's emphasis on shared interests is reflected in the decentralized decision-making, integrated production activity, and lateral structure of organizations that achieve the benefits of TQM.

A错，方向相反

B错，同A

C很虚，留着

D错，明显不关注整体

E没说过替代

选C

QED