关于episodic memory GWD-12-7(xy-9)那篇阅读的问题

litperi

 The term “episodic memory” was

     introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

     considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line    the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)   to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

 (10)  memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

 (15)  examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

 (20)  scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

     jays to remember the type, location, and

     freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

 (25)  prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

 (30)  information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

     reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

Q7. It can be inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the following statements?

 

1. Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.

2. Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory.

3. The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.

4. Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals.

5. The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory.

红色high light的是答案 我选的是E 原因是因为T没有提到除了人类对其他的动物的观点 所以我认为A里面的 Animals’ abilities 不对!