【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

angelafeng

1题：计时：28s
Situation：
Premise：He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
conclusion：Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
推测削弱题，他的case比别人的都难所以解决的才少。
A)    Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
--------------------------correct
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
------------------------- Carl以前干什么与现在无关
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
---------------------------支持论点而不是削弱
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
---------------------------似乎还是加强
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
---------------------------无关选项

2题：45s
Background information：Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.  
Premise：Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure,
Conclusion：this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
在自然中和在试验中的fullerenes不一样

3题：38s
Background information： On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.  A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.  
Premise： this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion：thus cannot be justified.
一些因素使这个program话费变高。

4题：40s
Background information：The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.  
Premise：Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.  
Conclusion：The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
from late autumn through winter，young voles死亡率低，from spring through early autumn，young voles死亡率高。

5题：35s
premise：A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.  
Conclusion：Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
在这个popular beach一些条件不利于offspring of dolphins生长

呵呵牙

一直有点忙，都没有好好做题，从今天开始补救~~~
1. 35s
Premise: Carl solved a smaller percentage of the cases 1 out of 25 than others on police force.
Conclusion: He is an incompetent detective.
Prephrase: Compare Carl and other detective, solved few cases but more difficult than others.
选A
B (before became a detective)——irrelevant
C (extensive resource)——support conclusion
D (1 out of 30)——support conclusion
E (other officers)——irrelevant

2. 40s
Background Information: fullerenes were first found in the lab, it formed in fissures of rare mineral shungite in nature
Premise: lab synthesis of fullerenes require distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion: the discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses
Prephrase: fullerenes is not the only one reason about the earth’s crust
选D

3. 27s
Background Information: On average, the emergency treatment for elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000
Premise: a new program can reduce an elderly person’s chances of falling
Conclusion: this new program will cost $12,500 and cannot be justified
Prephrase: the new program reduces more elderly persons injured and compares previous total cost is decrease.
选C

4. 40s
Background Information: the prairie vole breeds year-round and a group of voles living together consist primarily of an extended family
Premise: in late fall through winter, voles live in large groups; from spring to early autumn, voles live in small groups
Conclusion: the seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles
Prephrase: different season will affect young voles and group change from large to small because voles’ death
选E

5. 35s
Premise: a beach had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there
Conclusion: dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, but their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild
Prephrase: the fish given to dolphins have some different between the beach and wild; the program will be harmful to offspring
选E

sachsandciti

re

jiajiajudy

CR 一天不做就有罪恶感了

1.    Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.
Premise: he solved a smaller percentage of the cases than others in last 3 years
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
Flow:  low rate of success because the cases are very difficult than others
A
2. Background: Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Premise: Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, conclusion: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
B

3. Economist: BG: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. Premise: A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Counter premise: Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and conclusion: thus cannot be justified.
C

4.BG: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; counter premise: from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
E

5. Premise: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Counter premise: Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, conclusion: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?
E

cleotina

跟帖

cleotina

逻辑 season 1-1
1
20'
Q：weaken
P: Carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases than any other detective on

the police office , the percentage is 1:25
C: He is clearly an incompetent detective
Guess:
1, all the detectives in his office are excellent detectives. and 1:25 is a higher

percentage in the field
2, Since Carl is the top detective in the office, all the cases resigned to him are

tough ones, so there is no way to make a comparison with his colleages  
OA : A the same as the second item above
B: Irrelevant
C: said Carl take in charge other work, which sound like irrevant
D:strong
E:strong

2,
1'26''(犯了回视的毛病)
Q：weaken
B：F was first found in the labrary, However, it has been found in the nature before this found
P: the synthesis of F in the lab needs detective condition: temperature, press
C: the process of synthesis F will help the geologist discover the consition of the  curst of the earth at the time these F ocurring
Guess:
1,the form of F need different condition between in the Lad and in the nature
2,the synthesis of F is a fortuitous thing, the specify record about the  requirement is not convicing
OA: D  the structure of F in the nature is uncertain, So it can not sure F formed in the lab  and those formed in the nature share the same structure, no matter condition.
A: Irrelevant
B：irrelevant
C: Irrelevant
E：Irrelevant or weaken but not as effect as D


3
38''
Q: weaken
P:emergency treatment for an older person for injuries resulting from fall coast 11$, a new method can prohhibit the older from falling but cost 12$
C: althoutgh the method is desirable, but can not be justified
Guess：
1, a person has the risk of falling several times, then the cost will high
2, although the emergency is 11$, but after that still need more care and treatment, the total mount of money is rather high
3, although the method is higher than a treatment, people would like pay more to have a health body
OA: C  the same as the second term above
A: rrelevant
B: Irrelevant
D: say the feck weakness of the new theriohy, sound like suport the conclusion
however the main point in this question is the budget, so it is irrelevant
E: support

4
45''
Q: support
B:a kind of birs live in a place, they live in group
P:from fall-winter they live in a large group, from spring-summer they live in a small group
C: the variation in group can probobly explain the mortality among the young birds
guess:
1,there is a distinct variation in the mortality of young birds, and the change is in the same pace of the variation of the group size
2,a kind of material will produced when in a large or maybe small group, and this material is vital for the living of the young birds
3,when the weather is cold more young bird will die, their parents are sad and the get togtether to console each other. the more birds together they will fell better
OA:E：directly indicate the main reason of rise of the mortality of the young bird. which lead to the number of the group decrease
A:about the birth of the young but not the death of the young  Irrelavant
B:Irralebant
C:maybe this can explain the death of all the group. but not the young birds Irrelevant
D:  the same as the choice C



5
50''
Q: explain the phenomenon
B:a kind of dolphin feed in the beach, half of the food from the artifical feed half of it from hunt in the nature
result: the first generation come to this program as adult have the same life expectancy, but the second genetation live a short life than the nature ones, as well as their parents, do.
Guess:
1:since they were born in a place with part of the food they need, so most of the dolphin maintain a habit that eat half. thus die early.
2: the dolphin born in the program place lack of hunting exercise, and it very hard for them to fight against the dolphins bron and grown in nature
3: the dolphins's parents in the program become lazy to teach baby dolphin hunting
4: the dolphin live in the program with a low dangerous enviroment, which lead to them not weary enough to hind shark, the dolphin's main predator. thus, many of the adolescents be preied when they hunt out
OA:E  the same as the term 3
A: weaken
B: Irrelavant
C: Irrelavant
D: Irrelavant

monkeypp

怎么能看见隐藏的答案呢？

daisyの小夢想

怎么能看见隐藏的答案呢？

-- by 会员 monkeypp (2012/6/26 4:16:07)

比如这个：
Key:(答案藏在此哦哈)
A DCEE
答案是白色字体隐藏了。
左键拉开，复制一下这段文字的动作，就会看到隐藏的白色字体。

莞尔1990

谢谢

jane1102

每日逻辑小分队，这次我一定要坚持到最后。
一：完整逻辑链
premise
He has solved a smaller percentage of cases assigned to him in the last 3 years-only 1 out of 25-than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
二：推测
This premise contains tow flaws.
Firstly, this argument indicates that Carl solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last three year.  I have to indicate that if Carl in the smartest detective in this police field. It’s no strange that his leader always assign some complex cases for him to resolve. Under this situation, Carl couldn’t resolve these difficult cases thoroughly.
Secondly, this argument indicates that Carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned only 1 out of 25. The author just compare this data with other detectives on the police force. In other words, may be on a larger field, Carl’s resolved cases data is really excellent.
三：选项分析
Answer is A.
A:
A解释了Carl的解决案子的量为什么这么少的原因，是因为 the police chief 认为C是最有能力的detective, 她给他布置最难的案子，而且都是别人没有解决的案子。
与文章中对应的信息的：
（1）Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.→the police chief regards Carl as themost capable detective
（2）He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.→she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve
B：
无关选项。以前发生发生的事情不代表现在。就算C以前在neighborhood police officer was highly respected by the resident of the neighborhood he patrolled, 也不能够表示C现在on this police force can resolve a large percentage of cases.
C：
无关选项，出现了很多文章中没有包含的信息不能削弱，提供了很多的serves, 但是没有解释为什么C的percentage为什么还是这么低
D:
无关选项，过去的事情不能跟现在的事情做比较。就算他以前是1/30,现在是1/25,有了进步。可是这个数据是跟自己比，也是没有可比性的，没有跟整个police force的detectives 比较还是不对
E:
无关选项。主要是在说many of the officers in the police department 在过去被提拔。就算是过去C的同事被提拔了，也不能够影响C的办案能力吧，也不会说提高了C办案的成功率吧。

2:


Background Information
Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise
Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion
this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
二：推测
This conclusion has a logic flaw as follows:
Maybe there are some differences between the fullerenes which were formed under the nature state and the fullerenes which were formed under the laboratory environment. In other words, the author cannot compare these two compound directly without prove these compounds have the totally same chemical propoties.

三：选项分析
Answer is B .
A:
无关选项，只是补充介绍了一个背景就是经过仔细的实验证实了F中还有S。因为不能够帮助说明是否能够直接用实验室形成F的条件来类推在自然状态下形成F 的状态，所以判断为无关选项。
B：
他因削弱，作者举出了一个别的例子证明的F形成的状态不止是可以在实验室的那种状态下，也可以是在陨石撞击地球的状态下形成的，这就说明了实验室的例子不能够直接跟自然状态下的例子进行类比
C：
无关选项
D:
无关选项，不能说明为什么不能将实验室的状态与之对比，如果实验室形成的时候也有这样的crystalline structure呢?
E:
无关选项，作者说明的是F的形成状态，但是选项介绍的是S形成的状态。

3:
一：完整逻辑链
Background Information
On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise
A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. This new therapeutic is obviously desirable for many reasons.
Conclusion
This treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified .
二：推测
一：
The author can’t compare tow different costs directly. We can imagine that there are some costs other than money, for example, the elder people’s mental health.

三：选项分析
Answer is C.
A:
反向了。文章没有支持作者这个program是可以执行的，反而说了参加program的elder跌倒的人数比之前没有execute this program时候报告的跌倒的老人数目还要多。
B：
无关选项，错误对比。文章说的 program是针对的所有的elder，而选项虽然在说严重的受伤，但是是用在疗养院的老人数据跟独自居住在家的老人的数据进行对比。
C：
作者指出了其实没有execute this program, the fall cost more than report, because in the report costs didn’t count medication cost.
D:
反向。选项指出了this program 没有focus on the medication, 这就说明跟之前的costs是没有可比性的。
E:
反向

4:
一：完整逻辑链
Background Information
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise
Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion
The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
二：推测
要加强文章的话，现在还不能够直接就用group size 的变化是由于a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles,得解释出a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles是真的存在的，且真的会引起group size 的变化。
三：选项分析
Answer is E.
A:
无关选项。只是给出了一个事实就是在the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles。文章讨论的是young voles 的morality，而选项在这个地方给出的是percentage
B：
无关选项，与需要解释的young vole的morality的季节变化原因没有任何的帮助。
C：
无关选项，自然环境的变化要么就是对所有的vole都有影响，不可能说是只是对young vole有影响
D:
无关选项，其作用感觉与C很像
E:
正确的，这的要好好看看conclusion啊，即直接指出了snakes are major predator of young prairie voles; 同时还一起解决了时间上的GAP，就是snakes are active only from spring through early autumn.

5:


一：完整逻辑链
Background Information
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day
Situation
many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.


二：推测
如果adults are healthy and long-lived, while their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
我能够想到的解释就是：
这些ADULTS没有时间照顾小孩，光顾着吃了，小孩子被天敌什么的弄死了
这些小孩失去了捕食的能力，如果一出生就被人工喂食的话，那么，可能将来没有人喂食的时候，这些offspring会不知道怎么捕食而死

三：选项分析
Answer is E.
A:
无关，不能解释为什么offspring会死得早
B：
无关选项
C：
无关选项。连offspring提都没有提到
D:
无关啊，只能说明人工喂食对dolphins’ life 没有任何的影响
E:
正确的，与文章的situation完全吻合啊，Adult dolphins 因为人工喂食而没有时间teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins, 在situation中出现的元素在这一选项中都出现了。