【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】

isa0709

1.    Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument above?
--BIBLE WEAKEN NO.1
1.    计时 26S
2.    逻辑链：
Premise: He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases than any
other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
3.    答案预测：不能仅由solved a smaller percentage 推出incompetent detective
4.    答案分析：53S  A

emmasy

第一题
premise:Carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years than any other detective on the police force.
conclusion:Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
A.对。他因削弱
B.无关选项
C.support
D.support
E.无关选项

第二题
background:fullerenes have been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
premise:laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
conclusion:scientists can evaluate hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed by using this discovery.
A.无关
B.无关
C.support
D.他因削弱
E.无关

第三题
background：On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000
premise:A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling
conclusion:this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
A.无关
B.无关
C.他因削弱
D.无关
E.support

第四题
事实： Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups
解释： a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
A.无关
B.无关
C.削弱
D.削弱
E.support

第五题
backgroud：many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there
premise:dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
gap:their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild
A.无关
B.无关
C.无关
D.无关
E.解释

emmasy

这个答案在哪里呀？

jetyxo

精炼题： conclusion:Carl is an incompetent detector
 premise： he only solve smaller percent cases in the past 3 years
 weaken: solving smaller percent of cases doesn't means incompetent, may be these cases are very difficult
 A---right
 B---irrelevant ，there is no relationship with the premise
 C---support
 D---support
 E----irrelevant

逻辑链 1、premise 1：fullerense can be synthesize in lab， they were also found in natural
                 premise 2：synthesizing fullernese in lab needs certain temperature and pressure
                 conclusion： can use these information in lab to deduce the condition of earth
       weaken：synthesizing the fullernese naturally needs conditions that are different in lab
     A B C E irrelevant，D is the right answer，D tells the natrally formed fullernese is in a crystalline structure never konwn before, so that the conditon needs to form this kind of fullernese is totally different from the lab experiment

逻辑链 3、premise：emergency treatment costs $11,000.  A new therapeutic program costs for $12,500
                 conclusion: the new therapeutic program is not justifiable
          weaken: the new therapeutic program can reduce other treatment fees,thus costs less than the emergency treatment entirely
       A B D E irrelevant, C is the right answer.
逻辑链 4、premise：Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter;most voles live in far smaller groups  from spring through early autumn
                conclusion：this variation is due to seasonal mortality among young voles
        reason：something happened during the spring to the early autumn impede the vole population growth
     E is right
逻辑链 5  premise: dolphin at the beach are feeded several times a week，they are healthy and live long time，but their offsprings have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
           reason：there is a different between offspring of the feeded dolphin and the offspring of wild dolphin
        E is right

bet

6月3日 【2-1】

15"
premise: Carl has solved a smaller percentage of cases than others have.
conclusion: He is an incompetent detective.
推测：There are other standards to measure one detective's ability.
选项：A正确 B C D E均为无关选项

1'05"
BG:fullerenes have been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
P:laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
C:geologists could hypothese about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
预测：不会推测
看了选项觉得选B

30”
P:treatment of a fall costs 11000, a therapeutic program to prevent a fall costs 125000
C:the program cannot be justified
预测：做一次program可以减少很多次摔倒的费用
觉得选C

27”
P:  Voles live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
C: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
预测：自然原因使voles的数量在春天到秋天期间减少了
选E

32”
P: many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.  
矛盾：Athough dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
预测：人工喂食降低了海豚抵抗predator和自然灾害的能力
选E

bet

请问可以在哪个群里讨论呢？麻烦版主再给一下吧
想请教大家第二题的B为什么不对  如果在陨石上发现了F，不是说明F不一定是在earth's crust里产生的，不就削弱了吗  
求解答啊！！！

penguinsdz

6.04+【1-1】

1. Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve.
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled.
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes.
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes.
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years.

Background Information:
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
Premise:
He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years- only 1 out of 25.
Conclusion:
He is less incompetent than any other detective on the police force.

推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
the number of the cases solved by him≠the difficulty of the cases solved by him
极端值大, He was assigned only the most difficult cases.

选项分析：选A



2. Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

Background Information:
Fullerenes were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature.
Premise:
Laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure

Conclusion:
The discovery can help geologists to evaluate hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust.

选项分析：选D



3. Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?
(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.

Background Information:
On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise:
Previous treatment costs 11000; a new therapeutic program costs 12500 and it can significantly reduce an elderly person’s chances of falling.
Conclusion:
The new therapeutic program will cost $12500 and thus cannot be justified.

推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
long-term medication costs≠the average per-person costs of emergency treatment
选项分析：选C



4. The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?
(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.

Background Information:
A group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family.
Premise:
Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter, but live in far smaller groups from spring through early autumn.
Conclusion:
The seasonal variation in group size can probably result from a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
选项分析：选E



5. A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?
(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.

Background Information:
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Premise:
Although adult dolphins are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the world.
Conclusion:
the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins
选项分析：选E

karafl

ding

LuckyYolandaLi

逻辑是我的弱项（我的问题所在：意思理解不准+速度慢），今天第一次参加这个逻辑练习，贴上我自己的做题情况（估计有很多不正确的地方吧。。。），我做CR的时候总有很不确定的感觉。。。

1.
1）计时：32s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: Carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
3）推测：
solve less cases≠incompetent
Some other reasons that lead to the outcome: the cases given to Carl may be more difficult to solve; recently Carl has been busy dealing with other affairs so that he has no sufficient time to solve so many cases
4）选项分析：选A
B: irrelevant
C: 有点strengthen的感觉。。。
D: 同C
E: irrelevant

2.
1）计时：70s
2）逻辑链：
Background: Although fullerenes were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise: Laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion: This discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
3）推测：
found in the laboratory≠synthesized in the laboratory
Some other reasons that lead to the outcome: although the fullerenes were found in the laboratory, maybe they were brought to the laboratory from nature.
4）选项分析：选D
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
E: irrelevant

3.
1）计时：60s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. This treatment program will cost $12,500.
Conclusion: This treatment program cannot be justified.
3）推测：
Cost is not the only criterion.
Some other reasons that lead to the outcome: the injury resulting from a fall may has some significant, negative impact on one's health in future.
4）选项分析：选C
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: 貌似strengthen了

4.
1）计时：68s
2）逻辑链：
Background: The prairie vole breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
3）推测：
Maybe, the mortality among young voles is higher from late autumn through winter, so they can receive more protection in a large group.
4）选项分析：选D（错了。正确答案E）
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
E: 貌似weaken了
额，做完看了答案后知道这题选错了，应该选E，不过还是不太理解。。。

5.
1）计时：60s
2）逻辑链：
Background: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Premise: Dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived.
Conclusion: Their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
3）推测：
后代从小就被人喂养，所以自己寻找食物等自我生存的能力差。
4）选项分析：选E
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: 更不能explain了
D: irrelevant

syhe89

6.15 + （1-1）
1. 精炼
Premise: Carl only assigned 1 out of 25 cases in the last 3 yrs, which less than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
Prephrase: Maybe he just focused on very hard and difficult cases. Although he only assigned 1 out of 25 cases, the only 1 case is the one that no other detective can help with.
不能只用解决案子的数量来衡量一个探员的能力

逻辑链
2. Premise：the laboratory discover that fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure.
  Conclusion: this discovery could give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the earth’s crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Weakness: 1) the state of earth’s crust was complicated which may be not able to be evaluated by using the fullerenes. 2) the laboratory discovery cannot be applied in the real situation.

3. Premise: the new treatment program could help reduce an elderly person’s chances of falling, but this treatment costs $12500, which is more expensive than the emergency treatment for falling injuries $11,000.
Conclusion: therefore, if this treatment program is valuable cannot be justitied.
Weakness: Although the new program costs more than the injuring treatment, it still can reduce the chance to fall. Elderly person can avoid the falling injury and can avoid the pain and damage from the injury. Therefore, it can be valuable although it is expensive.
Answer: (C )
4. Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn they live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: the seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in morality among young voles.
Support: the far smaller groups can make young voles have more food can eat. Can easier to hide themselves and did not be attacked.
Answer: D

5:
Premise:  dolphin lived in a popular beach can be feeded as much as half of their food each day there.
Conclusion: Adults dolphins are healthy and long-lived, but their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Support: 1) the young dolphins lose their ability to predation. They rely on the feeding. When off season, the people who went to the beach reduced, they may die for short food.