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以下是一我的个人尽力总结的,个人以为是易懂和易掌握的笔记:
1.名词性从句:<只要在句中是名词性的成分就都可以变成从句>(够白话了) 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.<也就是说在一句话中的主语.宾语.表语.同位语都是名词词性>
连接词that, whether, if这三个词在句中不充当任何成分＜不是主．谓，宾也不是定，状，补，这三个词在名词性连接的从句中不承担任何成分＞
连接代词：what whatever who whoever whom whose which
连接副词：when where how why
<不可省略的连接词：１．介词后的连词 ２．引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词＞
whether&if的区别：＜意思都是：是否〉
在以下情况下whether 不能被if取代
１）whether 引导主语从句，并且放在句首
２）引导表语从句
３）whether从句做介词宾语
４）从句中有＂or not"
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
这里多解释一下宾语从句:
1>在考试中最容易考这两个单词:state, indicate,注意这两个单词的后面的连词，只能用that
２＞有些词后面要加虚拟语气（表示建议的词：suggest, propose, move, recommend; 表示要求的词：request, require, demand; 表示坚持的词：insist, urge, maintain; 表示命令的词：order, command>这些词的后面要是用从句，则从句需要用虚拟语气＜FOR EXAMPLE: I suggested that the class should be dismissed>
MBA联考奇迹300分英语语法：名词性从句
名词性从句：即从句在整个句中起名词作用，分别可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
考点一：主语从句：主要考查主语从句的引导词；主句的谓语动词，一般用单数。如：
1. That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.
( = It is well-known to everybody that the earth goes around the sun. )
2. Whether he will come to the meeting is up to his boss. (此时不能用if )
3. Who will come to the dinner remains a question.
4. What you have said is convincing.
5. How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for centuries.
6. Why the murderer came back to the scene of crime is a psychological problem.
同时，需要注意主语从句的一些常见句型。如：
It is reported that…
It must be pointed out that …
It is likely that …
It is a good thing that…
It happens that …
考点二：宾语从句：主要考查宾语从句的引导词和引导词的省略以及从句的语序。如：
1 He believed that walking under a ladder brings bad luck.
2. We can learn what we do not know from TV programs.
3. Tell me which of the books is the right one.
4. Your success will depend on how you present yourself.
5. I wonder if/whether you can help me.
考点三：表语从句：be动词或者系动词后面跟主语补足语。
1.The assumption is that things will improve.
2. China is not what it used to be.
3. The doctor’s dilemma is whether he should tell a lie to the patient.
考点四：同位语从句：名词性从句考查的重点。
同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词+that从句构成，引导词一般是that, 而且that在从句中不充当任何成分。这些抽象名词有：news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等，同位语从句是对抽象名词进行说明解释。
1. The news that our football team at last defeated Korea made the fans wild with joy.
The news that made the fans wild with joy was from the radio.(比较－定语从句)
2. There is much evidence that the crime rate in this city is on the rise.
3. Einstein came to the conclusion that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light. 爱因斯坦得出的结论是宇宙中最大速度是光速。
考点之五:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别
考例: _______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what
分析:在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.
考点之六:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语
考例1: _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
考例2: I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. this D. them
分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.
考点之七:考查名词性从句的语序
考例:The photographs will show you _______ .
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B。
考点之八:考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及that的区别
考例1: _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定. whether与if当"是否"讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether,而不能用if.
考例2: What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
分析:本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句.
考例3: It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
分析:本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。whether, if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与if(当"是否"讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而that引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。
２．定语从句＜对名词做解释的从句，最简单的观察出是定语从句的方法是：看连接词是否接在名词的后面＞
关系连词和关系副词：that which who whom whose when where why
＜意思分别是：人／物， 物， 人＜主＞， 人＜宾＞， 谁的， 时间． 地点， 原因＞
<that which who whom后面接的是不完整的句子，也就是从句中可能会缺少成分，主语或宾语可能有个不出现，但是谓语动此一定存在，为什么是接了不完整的句子，其实原因很简单：因为这几个词在从句中做了成分，其实从这个意义上讲从句还是完整的句子＞
＜whose when where why prep.+which后接完整的句子，也就是句子的主谓宾都存在＞
＂which"和＂that "
1)........N, which........<引导非连接性定语从句，逗号后面不能用that连接＞
２）．．．．．．．．．．．，prep+which........＜介词＋which>
3)...the first/ best +N.,.......用that
4).........the only/same/very +N..........用that
5)everything/nothing/....thing做先行词的时候后面只能用that
6)＊in that=because +状语从句
最后多讲一个单词的用法ＴＨＡＴ考试时会经常考到：
!>that在名词性从句中，ＴＨＡＴ只能连接主句和从句，在从句中不担任任何成分，无意义．
２＞that在宾语从句中，ＴＨＡＴ会在从句中充当主语，或宾语，或定语等成分．
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-19 0:47:27编辑过] | 
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发表于 2005-3-18 00:46:00
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