关于状语从句的省略问题，求拍砖

sunyuwei

The results of the company's cost- cutting measures are evident in its profits,which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell

over the last two years.  

A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell

B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen

C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling

D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling   (C)

E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen

这道题的答案是C根据排除法要得出答案没有问题，但是C中有一个point理解不了，求解答：
首先，这里的over the last two years前面根据语意理解应该是用过去完成时但是根据一般规律来说over the last two years应该是现在完成时的时间状语，这是第一个有点疑惑的点，但是根据语意优先我认为还是应该用过去完成时的。

其次，C中的after falling是状语从句的省略，状语从句的省略有两个点是必须要遵循的，1.逻辑主要要和主句相同，这一点是符合的。2 谓语要是be动词，显然如果将after falling还原到省略之前after it had fallen不满足这一条件。

以上两个问题，求拍砖。谢谢

ukyo2003

关于时间点，为什么over the last two years用过去完成时？不太理解。我觉得应该用现在完成时啊，主句明确说results are evident是现在的情况，那么过去两年就是现在完成时。另外fall是过去时，increased 5%是发生在fall之后而不是之前。

fall (过去) - 过去到现在的时间段 increase 5% over last two years - 现在 results are evident

对于after我的理解是after是副词adv，是修饰increase的，falling我不太理解。
状语从句省略我没有掌握这个知识点，我也不知道省略的是什么， 你有心得继续跟一下贴我来学习吧。

ukyo2003

网上查了一下，确实状语从句省略还挺重要的，如下描述。
那么按照省略原则，这一题省略的是这个吗？
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after (the profits were) falling over the last two years.  
但是为什么我觉得省略的应该是 ?
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after (the profits had been) falling over the last two years.  

状语从句的省略
　　一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原则：
　　（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be ，这时从句中可出现如下结构：
　　** 连词（as, as if , once）+ 名词
　　如：Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工人，现在变成一位著名的歌手。
　　**连词（ though, whether , when）+形容词
　　如：Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
　　**连词(whether, as if ,while )+介词短语
　　如：He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
　　**连词(when , while , though )+ 现在分词
　　如：While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.
　　** 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词
　　如：The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .这次展览比被预料的有趣的多
　　** 连词(as if ,as though ) + 不定式
　　如：Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak .奥林金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好象要说什么。
　　（2）当从句的主语是 it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时 ，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容词的结构。如：Unless (it is) necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。
　　
　　各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下：
　　 一、时间状语从句中的省略
　　 When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。
　　 While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。
　　 When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到达之后，来个电报。
　　 Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.) 走之前，请关闭所有的灯。
　　 Don’t come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进来。
　　 Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。
　　 You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible. 你应尽快让我们知道结果。
　　 注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.
　　 二、地点状语从句中的省略
　　 地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary,
　　 Lay these books where possible you can find them easily. 把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。
　　 Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages. 在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。
　　 三、条件状语从句中的省略
　　 常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如：
　　 Send the goods now if (they are) ready. 货物如果准备好了，请送过来。
　　 He will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他来，他就来。
　　 If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。
　　 Come along with me if (it is) possible. 如果有可能和我一起去吧.。
　　 If (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。
　　 There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. 很少有人能记起他。
　　 You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你应呆在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。
　　 四、让步状语从句中的省略
　　 He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。
　　 Even if (I am ) invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀我去，我都不想听如此坏的报告。
　　 五、比较状语从句中的省略
　　 She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do). 她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。
　　She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected.

sunyuwei

ukyo2003 发表于 2015-2-7 09:49
关于时间点，为什么over the last two years用过去完成时？不太理解。我觉得应该用现在完成时啊，主句明确 ...

我认为这里你少看了一个步骤，的确没错主句明确说results are evident是现在的情况，那么因而have increased five percent during the first three month of this year是现在完成时，但是后面over the last two years 是再之前的情况。
fall（过去的过去over the last two years）-过去到现在的时间段（Increase 3% during the first three month of this year-现在

关于状语从句的省略 我再看看你贴的内容，会尽快跟帖滴~

sunyuwei

ukyo2003 发表于 2015-2-7 09:55
网上查了一下，确实状语从句省略还挺重要的，如下描述。
那么按照省略原则，这一题省略的是这个吗？
C. whi ...

看了你贴的内容。我同意你的想法：省略的应该是  which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after (the profits had been) falling over the last two years.  毕竟我觉得这里单纯用the profits were falling是不合适的。（虽然我觉得更加正确的应该是the profits had fallen，但如果非要说状语从句的省略也只能用进行时了~）。
你帖子的结尾部分的例子She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected.说明只要是be动词，不管是are were 或者是have been都是可以省略的~

这是我的观点~继续拍砖哦~吼吼

sunyuwei

顶~希望更多人看到~~

huluwaxibei

ron神地解释来了！！！！！！！！！大神就是这么一针见血！！！！

in general, "COMMA + prep phrase modifier" is an adverbial modifier, meaning that it modifies the entirety of the preceding clause.
in this sentence, we don't want an adverbial modifier, since it doesn't make any sense for this modifier to apply to the entire preceding clause.
rather, we want a modifier that will only modify the noun at the end of the preceding clause (i.e., "profits"). since this is the exact function of a "which" modifier, that's the modifier we want here.

所以after falling是noun modifier，修饰profits的！！！！