their指代问题

wangwanwang

A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see
rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed.
(A) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are
(B) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one once the animals' horns are
(C) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns have been
(D) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns are
(E) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one after the animals' horns have been

想问下大家A不看其他错误只看their指代，答案解析说their指代了tourists所以错，可是their不应该是就近修饰 rhinoceroses
的吗，怎么会修饰tourists呢OG解释说their  can refer to either rhinoceroses or tourists所以不对，
我一直记得是their就近修饰，they原则上指代主句主语，若they前面两个复数名词都符合
逻辑的话，则they指代歧义，难道这样记不对吗，求教

wangwanwang

By offering lower prices and a menu ofpersonal communications options, such as calleridentification and voice mail, the newtelecommunications company has not only captured customers from other phone companies butalso forced them to offer competitive prices.   
(A) has not only captured customers fromother phone companies but also forced them
(B) has not only captured customers fromother phone companies, but it also forced them
(C) hasnot only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced thesecompanies
(D) not only has captured customers fromother phone companies but also these companies havebeen forced        
(E) not only captured customers from other phonecompanies, but it also has forced them

wangwanwang

又是一个相似的题，A中them不是就近指代phone companies吗，为什么说会有指代customers的嫌疑呢，看了一堆指代问题的帖子，于是自己总结出：them they若前面有两个复数名词，且都符合逻辑的话则指代不明（如果只有一个符合逻辑另一个不符合的话，不会指代不明，这题中them前面虽然有两个复数名词phone companies，customers但只有phone companies符合逻辑所以做题时我就想应该不会起义）these those只是就近修饰。。看来不对啊，那到底什么时候就近，什么时候不会歧义啊

wangwanwang

顶顶，我真心对指代无力了。。怎么样都不对啊

wangwanwang

还是没人，好捉急

leohhy

下面这些你记住就够用了。

it, they完全指代前文出现过的名词并包含这个名词的所有修饰定语；
one、ones可以指代前文出现过的人或者名词的同类物品，是泛指属性；
that类比指代前文出现过的单数名词的同类物品，不能指代人，是特指属性，需要定语修饰，一般用that of sth. 结构出现；那么同类别的人(单数)用什么指代？ 答：用the one who...
those类比指代前文出现过的复数人称或者复数名词的同类物品，是特指属性，需要定语修饰，一般用those of sth. 结构出现；
this， these不能单独作为宾语代词使用，只能用作主语代词或者形容词，而且还要确保前文有this， these可以指代的单复数名词对象;
此外，it还可以做形式主语或者形式宾语。
that，those作为类比指代时不但要和其指代对象保持单复数一致，还要和其后面句子内容的单复数保持一致。
that，those只指代一个名词，不包含这个名词原有的定语，以下为错误用法：
Since 1990 the growth of the global economy has been more than that during 10000years, from when agriculture began to 1950.
本例中that指代grwoth，没有表达出the growth of the global economy的意思，这个that也不不能与 growth of the global economy平行。"

-----------摘自我的《leo大叔语法笔记》

"代词前面如有多个同单复数的名词，那么代词的指代就可能混淆；
如：一个完整的句子中，在they之前出现了多个不同的复数名词，这时候they的指代对象就不清晰。"

-----------摘自我的《leo大叔语法笔记》

"代词只可以指代名词，代词不能指代其他词性（形容词化的名词、介词短语中的名词），也不能指代一个句子；
相反地，定语从句的引导词that、which等可以指代介词短语中的名词（核心词优先指代原则）；"

-----------摘自我的《leo大叔语法笔记》

如果SC题干选择用代词指代形容词化的名词，或者介词短语中的名词，如ABCDE五个选项都出现了代词指代介词中名词的情况，则这些特例下，代词指代不作为判断正确与否的依据。

-----------摘自我的《leo大叔语法笔记》

leohhy

A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see
rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed.
(A) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are
》》》and用法不够好，使得表示目的的see rhinoceroses变成了一个并列的句子。（弱判定）
》》》after不如其他选项中的once更贴切。（弱判定）
》》》their前面出现了多个复数名词，horns，poachers，tourists，parks，rhinoceroes。代词是没有就近指代这么一说的。
(B) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one once the animals' horns are
》》》one没有可以指代的单数名词，前面的单数名词有两个：proposal，question，代入后句子意思都不对。
(C) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns have been
》》》正解，此处规避了代词。
(D) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns are
》》》Gmat中if不用于名词性从句
(E) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one after the animals' horns have been
》》》Gmat中if不用于名词性从句
》》》have been 时态错误
》》》after不如其他选项中的once更贴切。（弱判定）

leohhy

By offering lower prices and a menu of personal communications options, such as caller identification and voice mail, the new telecommunications company has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them to offer competitive prices.   

(A) has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them
》》》them可以指代的复数名词有customers，prices，options，容易混淆；你有可能会问这里的them可不可以指代companies，我的回答是可以，但不是优先指代，因为companies出现在介词词组中，这里的from结构可以理解为是customer的定语或者capture的状语，所以from结构的性质更接近形容词或副词。
(B) has not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also forced them
》》》时态错误。
》》》it冗余，主语相同的话应该省略。（但是曼哈顿的语法教材有说逗号分开的主从句应该补出主语，所以我持保留意见）
》》》them的指代错误同A。
(C) has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced these companies
》》》正解。
(D) not only has captured customers from other phone companies but also these companies have been forced        
》》》not only 后面是主谓结构， but also 后面是句子， 不平行
(E) not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also has forced them
》》》时态错误。
》》》them的指代错误同A。

wangwanwang

leohhy 发表于 2014-10-24 18:14
By offering lower prices and a menu of personal communications options, such as caller identificatio ...

谢谢，这个太有用了，困惑好久的终于解决了，还有两个问题想问下
1，that是特指属性，需要定语修饰，一般用that of sth. 结构出现，这句话的意思是不是就是经常说的that不能裸奔啊
2“代词不能指代其他词性（形容词化的名词、介词短语中的名词），也不能指代一个句子。”对于这句话我不太理解，牛牛你可不可以举出个错误的例子呢，这个形容词化的名词，我百度了，也没找到到底怎么算形容词化的名词。。太谢谢了

leohhy

wangwanwang 发表于 2014-10-24 20:29
谢谢，这个太有用了，困惑好久的终于解决了，还有两个问题想问下
1，that是特指属性，需要定语修饰，一般 ...

the office worker，office原本是名词，这里用作定语，这就是形容词化的名词，如果后面有代词出现，这个代词不可能指代office