“comma+v-ing”修饰的困惑

mmmmmy

楼主可以从结构和句意上理解"，V-ing"
1.可以做解释说明，这是修饰语要和主句的主语有逻辑关系
2.说明结果，这时可以不和主句主语有逻辑关系
EG: Crime has recently decreased in our neighborhood，leading to a rise in property values.
上句就是表示结果

JUMBOO

Meduse1993 发表于 2018-1-30 22:19
实话。ron直接说了 comma ing 就是状语修饰整个句子或者主语。很少几乎没有做定语修饰 O 的情况。 ...

By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were of dangerously experimental design.      

og13 35题

Crustmaster

以下信息是个人总结于 曼哈顿语法书 & RON的发言 & OG，仅供参考。
any “comma -ing” structures are adverbial modifiers.
（修饰latest action or the whole clause，不修饰plain noun。 To express the meaning of purpose, result or simultaneous action of 被修饰成分）

观点1：有时comma -ing放在句首时看起来在修饰它所adherent的句子or短语的主语，但其实修饰的是整个句子。时刻记住comma -ing不能修饰plain noun，不可能做定语。

“Exhausted from her job，she bought a lottery ticket.”You could think of  ’exhausted from her job‘ as a modifier of ’she‘. Who was exhuasted? She was. However, the context of the rest of sentence matters.
A sentence such as 'exhausted from her job, she has a red hair' would not be acceptable on the GMAT. As a result, it is better to thinl of this modifier as applicable to the whole main clause. Because she was 'exhausted from her job, she bought a lottery ticket' ""

观点2：(From Ron，搜索T945，在manhattan网站可以看到)：'comma _ing' modifies the closest action. e.g( both of these sentences work in the same way): ①A drunk driver drove his car into a storefront, causing several hundred thousand dollars' worth of damages. ②A verdict is due today in the trial of a drunk driver who drove his car into a storefront, causing several hundred thousand dollars' worth of damages.

（PS: when modifiers modify actions, they just modify the closest action, regardless of whether that action is actually a verb. e.g.: ①I made weird expressions with my mouth and fingers, scaring the babies. ②My sister saw me making weird expressions with my mouth and fingers, scaring the babies. both of these sentences are ok, and both of them work in exactly the same way. the fact that ""making"" isn't grammatically a verb doesn't make any difference ）

Alaska17

不考虑。这句简直是经典例句。