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我理解跟楼主的3中情况差不多
Comma+With
1) 修饰临近的名词,此时with后面是一个名词加名词修饰语,可以看成就是 with something
介宾短语是逗号后跟介词短语修饰,像副词修饰语一样,修饰对象为前面整句。
with sth也是一种介宾短语。A do B with C,A用C做B。
"COMMA + prep phrase modifier" is an adverbial modifier, meaning that it modifies the entirety of the preceding clause。
同时with也能修饰名词,A with B,不需要考虑谓语,要考虑紧前名词。即名词修饰语的touch原则。
eg:Og13-7:
The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, with its hundreds of miniature eyes...,help explain why scientists have..
2) 修饰整句,即是修饰主谓结构,此时的with后面是一个独立主格,with sth doing sth
伴随动作,回答the preceding clause是how的问题,需要指向前句主语:
Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging..
这句话的主谓是Visitors have looked andseen,但是这里的 monkeys sleeping才是with的preceding clause。
with独立主格修饰邻近分句主语,with后面宾语为与主语相关的东西。
3)修饰前面一整句, 伴随结果
The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes the bee to sustain a fatal injury.
此时with 还是refer 到preceding clause的主谓。 至于这个是不是唯一,我也不知道,就像resulting...是不是ving作为结果伴随的唯一情况呢,目前只看到这一种,我们只有遇到了补充吧~~
With的用法和ving的三种情况很像,所以经常一起考,比较看看ving:
1)修饰紧前名词
2)修饰主语及谓语动词(逻辑上需要修饰到主语和谓语)
3)修饰逗号前的整个句子,作为结果伴随(ving不需要修饰到主语的)
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