08prep180 them 和it 指代的问题

倾倾倾

180.Noting that the Federal Reserve had raised a key short-term interest rate again last month, analysts said that they expected orders for durable goods to decline soon because rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on credit

A.rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on credit

B.rising interest rates make buying on credit more expensive

C.a rise in interest rates make it more expensive to buy on credit

D.a rise in interest rates make buying on credit more expensiveE.a rise in interest rates makes it more expensive for them to be bought on credit

以下是prep08解释：

A.     rates和makes主谓不一致；make it more expensive to buy them中them无所指，语法上指代orders，但逻辑上应该指代durable goods （1）

B.     correct；从意合角度可看出：rising interest rates与前面的again遥相呼应。因为有again的存在，说明不是一次利率上涨(a rise in interest rates)，借此可以排除C,D,E；by on credit固定搭配

C.     a rise和make主谓不一致；make it more expensive to buy on credit不如make buying on credit更简洁（2）；从意合角度讲rising IRs比a rise in IRs 好

D.     a rise和make主谓不一致；从意合角度讲rising IRs比a rise in IRs 好

E.     for them to be bought on credit不简洁，被动语态不好，且them指代不清，语法上指代orders，逻辑上指代orders；从意合角度讲rising IRs比a rise in IRs 好。

疑惑：
（1）在manhattan第五章中

Researchers claim to have developed new "nano-papers" incorporating tiny cellulose fibers, which THEY allege give THEM the strength of cast iron

What  nouns  do they and them refer to? You might assume that they refers to rerearchm (who claim something) and that them refers to  new "nano-papers" However, this confusing  switch of reference is not permitted by the GMAT

Resolve the confusion  by recasting the sentence. One solution is to eliminate  they and them altogether
看了些前辈的manhattan SC笔记上的意思是 they 和them在同一个句子中出现就是指代同一个的，所以不理解A选项所谓的语法上指代和逻辑上指代，逻辑上指代能懂应该是说逻辑上说得通，应该是durable goods ，但是语法上是orders是怎么判断的？？？因为按我这里说的指代同一个的话应该是analysts.


{已解决 看回帖}（2）关于make it more expensive to buy on credit不如make buying on credit更简洁  找到了个帖子：http://forum.chasedream.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=547566&highlight=prep180  这里的解释主要是：
                                                           make it possible to do, make it expensice to do

这种表达中的it 都是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do, ETS也了简洁，把it 都省略了，变成 make doing sth possible; make doing sth expensive.
但是看到了一份baby姐的解释，立刻关于it指代出现三观颠覆的事了http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-649443-1-1.html
baby的解释:
不能理解为指代后面的不定式
....made it difficult to do ...   假如你认为这个it指代后面的"to do"的话，
I found it difficult to apply grammatical principles to a SC problem and to reach the correct answer.
这句话里面it难道该改成them? 因为后面to apply and to reach是两件事情啊！
可是事实上，这个it不能改成them，必须就是it。

一下子推翻了我以前关于形式主语形式宾语的认定，求NN们解释一下。

baby姐补充的解释：典型结构，it不指代任何东西

THE ONLY PRONOUNS ON THE GMAT THAT DON'T HAVE TO STANDFOR NOUNS:
It + description+ that +complete sentence (independent clause)
It + description+ to +verb (infinitive)
It + (TOBE verb) + NOUN + that/who + verb

these "it"s DO NOT have to stand for nouns.
ALL other gmat pronouns must stand for nouns.

FIRST TYPE

It + is obvious + that Medellín will beat Nacional in Wednesday’s game.


It+ has been said + that the moon is made of green cheese.

Johnny found it + counterintuitive + that the GMAT tests exceptions to rules just as often as ittests the rules themselves.

SECOND TYPE

It + is often difficult + to distinguish between a past-tense verb and a pastparticiple.

The rain made it + quite challenging + to drive on the freeway.

THIRD TYPE

It + was my own brother + who committed the crime.

倾倾倾

关于疑惑（1）them指代的问题  这个帖子里给出了一种解释：A中them没有规定必须要指代句子主语（处在主语位置的代词才优先指代主语），从含义逻辑上理解是指代orders的。
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-617687-1-1.html
是这样吗？？？

lindberghya

倾倾倾 发表于 2014-4-2 15:07
关于疑惑（1）them指代的问题  这个帖子里给出了一种解释：A中them没有规定必须要指代句子主语（处在主语位 ...

感觉不用纠结诶....这个形式主语应该是老美的一个习惯而已，很抽象的一个东西。比如i found it .....it就是found的所有内容打包在一起，被it给笼统的指代了。形式主语在GMAT中一般都最为wordy排除掉了
不知道说的对不对

倾倾倾

lindberghya 发表于 2014-4-2 15:34
感觉不用纠结诶....这个形式主语应该是老美的一个习惯而已，很抽象的一个东西。比如i found it .....it就 ...

恩恩，应该对的。刚才一个同学看考研书的时候看见了就是当形式宾语，这个it应该不能按baby说的因为后面是两个东西就不用It,应该就是个固定用法，当形式宾语

倾倾倾

lindberghya 发表于 2014-4-2 15:34
感觉不用纠结诶....这个形式主语应该是老美的一个习惯而已，很抽象的一个东西。比如i found it .....it就 ...

那关于那个them的指代你懂吗

lindberghya

倾倾倾 发表于 2014-4-2 19:45
那关于那个them的指代你懂吗

这个我是这么想滴，
1. 在一个sc中，同一个代词应该指代同一个先行词；这个句子中they和them明显指代对象有矛盾，所以必须错呀。。
2. 语法上应该是指代主句主语或者代词所在的从句主语；
这里把句子抽出来，就是they expected orders for durable goods to.......because ..........to buy them.这个话里面them可能的先行词（在不考虑they指代analyst前提下）是orders 和durable goods，orders作为宾语，而durable goods出现在for sth的介词短语中。在这个A for B的结构中，A是核心名词，所以在单复数允许的情况下优先指代orders；此外，值得注意的是，they，them这类词和those不同，是可以指代整个A for B结构的。也就是说，这里them确切的说是在指代orders for durable goods。所以prep08的解释就直接点出核心名词了。
希望有说到点上。。。

倾倾倾

lindberghya 发表于 2014-4-2 20:03
这个我是这么想滴，
1. 在一个sc中，同一个代词应该指代同一个先行词；这个句子中they和them明显指代对象 ...

好的，我就先这样理解，等碰到矛盾再说。谢谢啦~~

wlc思语

lindberghya 发表于 2014-4-2 20:03
这个我是这么想滴，
1. 在一个sc中，同一个代词应该指代同一个先行词；这个句子中they和them明显指代对象 ...

啊，我就按照你说的理解了~~~赶脚这个解释我比较能接受~~