平行结构中的修饰（对象）问题

tqbiao

A and B that ....,这里的that 引导的从句修饰A and B呢还是B，是根据单复数来区分吗？

会不会引起歧义？如果引起歧义怎么修改？

(adj) A and B,这里adj修饰的是A 还是A and B呢？

会不会引起歧义？如果有歧义怎么修改呢？

对于这种可能引起歧义的修饰问题，有哪些语言点呢？

谢谢！

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-1-21 15:01:02编辑过]

joe11

A and B that ...  一般情况下， that 修饰 B, 与 A 无关。

但是，当 A and B 是一整体时，that 应修饰这个整体.

It is a defence tool and assult weapon that could ...

tqbiao

感谢jo311的回答，还请帮忙看看我说的关于引起歧义及其修改方法的问题！

205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as “standing waves.”

(A) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are

(B) crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are

(C) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is

(D) stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are（C）

(E) stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is

这题中的红色部分的that应该是指代crests and throughs咯，我原本也是认为就近修饰的但在看这题的时候，

产生了疑问，按你所说这里crests and throughs 指一个整体咯，那么这里的them应该是指他所在的although引导的

从句所修饰对象对象的主语 that，也就是crests and throughs咯？

tqbiao

up

tqbiao

up

joe11

此处 crests and troughs 指波峰和波谷，两者都是可以remain stationary的。

所以 that, them 指代的都是 crests and troughs。

另外， A and B 指同一事物，是指当该事物既可以是 A 又可以是 B 。

例如：He is my friend and my uncle.

tqbiao

关于我说得修饰歧义的问题，og27还是给了我们一点建议就是A and B who...,改为

A who and B，但我觉得这种改法会造成一种不平衡，如果该成A and B,B who ...,的一种同位语可能好一点，但连续两个B似乎也不好！

(adj) A and B,这里adj修饰的是A 还是A and B呢？

会不会引起歧义？如果有歧义怎么修改呢？

27.   Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.

(A) Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.

(B) Published in Harlem, two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, were the owner and editor of the Messenger.

(C) Published in Harlem, the Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.

(D) The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and published in Harlem.（C）

(E) The owner and editor being two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, the Messenger was published in Harlem.

Choices A and B present dangling modifiers that illogically suggest that Owen and Randolph, rather than the Messenger, were published in Harlem. In D, the phrase and published in Harlem is too remote from the Messenger to modify it effectively. In E, being produces an awkward construction, and the placement of the main clause at the end of the sentence is confusing. Only in C, the best answer, is Published in Harlem followed immediately by the Messenger. Also, C makes it clear that the clause beginning who refers to Randolph.

而今迈步从头越

以下是引用tqbiao在2005-1-18 19:32:00的发言：

A and B that ....,这里的that 引导的从句修饰A and B呢还是B，是根据单复数来区分吗？

会不会引起歧义？如果引起歧义怎么修改？

(adj) A and B,这里adj修饰的是A 还是A and B呢？

会不会引起歧义？如果有歧义怎么修改呢？

对于这种可能引起歧义的修饰问题，有哪些语言点呢？

谢谢！

A and B that ....,这里的that 引导的从句修饰A and B呢还是B？

我觉得that 既可能修饰A，也可能修饰B，也可能同时修饰A和B。主要通过逻辑意思来判断！

通常that优先修饰B，但如果B本身很短而that从句很长的话，为了平衡句子结构，可以把从句放在B后面，当然前提是不引起歧义！

是根据单复数来区分吗？

有的时候是用单复数来区别的---多为强制指代！OG 128

128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of pro­ducing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.

(A)  requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties

(B)   requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation

(C)  requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties

(D)  application of commercial fertilizer and irriga­tion that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties

(E)   irrigation and application of commercial fertil­izer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties

Choice E, the best answer, clearly and grammatically expresses the idea that two costly procedures, irrigation and the applica­tion of... fertilizer, were required by earlier high-yielding varieties of rice. In A, the placement of by earlier... varieties immediately after application of fertilizer suggests that the varieties applied the fertilizer. In B and D, the phrase applica­tion of... fertilizer and irrigation is ambiguous in meaning: it cannot be clearly determined whether applying fertilizer and irrigating are a single operation or two distinct operations. In C, only irrigation--not both irrigation and fertilization--is clearly associated with the earlier... varieties of rice.

E中that were通常情况下为简洁起见都省掉，但是这里保留而且用复数表明that同时指代irrigation and application，而不是其中某一个。

而今迈步从头越

我建议楼主把标题改为---平行结构中的修饰（对象）问题！

这段时间我在OG得小结，和同楼主有一样得困惑，但是我觉得平行结构中的修饰（对象）问题包含的内容更加广泛。这样可以让更多有同样困惑的人参与讨论！--仅作建议！不要砸我！

joe11

好讨论 ！

adj. + A and B 的修饰不明，adj. + A,  and B ... 就会好一些。但改时注意 and 并列成份。

还是要具体问题具体分析吧。有时候不需要改的。如：

The dry winter and spring leave little water in summer.

这里， dry 修饰了winter 和 spring.