求助：prep 33同位语和which的修饰问题

cherrytxt

33. (26233-!-item-!-188;#058&002541)

More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia'sLake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of theworld's fresh

water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

(A) More than 300 rivers drain intoSiberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of theworld's

fresh water, more than all the NorthAmerican Great Lakes combined.

(B) With 20 percent of the world's freshwater, that is more than all the North American Great

Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikalhas more than 300 rivers that drain into it.

(C) Siberia's Lake Baikal,with more than 300 rivers draining into it, it holds more of the world's

fresh water than all that of the NorthAmerican Great Lakes combined, 20 percent.

(D) While more than 300 rivers drain intoit, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20 percentof the world's

fresh water, which is more than all theNorth American Great Lakes combined.

(E) More than all the North AmericanGreat Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more

than 300 rivers draining into it, holds20 percent of the world's fresh water.  

      这个题答案是A,我有两个问题:
     1.关于A，more than all the North American Great Lakes combined是哪一部分的同位语？是 20 percent of the world's fresh

water还是fresh water,为什么呢?我看到有的帖子说同位语修饰的是20 percent of the world's fresh

water，但我疑惑，后面再贴一题，我觉得跟这个说法相悖。

     2.关于D，首先while错了，句子意思没有表示让步，忽略这一点的情况下，which指代fresh water为什么不对？是根据语义判断的嘛？
   

39. (26509-!-item-!-188;#058&002648)

The Sports Medicine Programs of the OlympicTraining Center, a complex where final tryouts are

held for athletes representing the United Statesin the Olympics, is geared toward enhancing

athletes' performance and toward theirpreparation for international competition.

(A) is geared toward enhancing athletes'performance and toward their preparation

(B) is geared to enhance the performanceof athletes and to prepare them

(C) are geared to enhance athletes'performance and their preparation

(D) are geared toward the enhancement ofathletes' performance and toward preparing them

             (E) are geared toward enhancing the performanceof athletes and preparing them
           这个题目不用看选项，疑问在未划线的部分，he Sports Medicine Programs of the Olympic Training Center, a complex....这个a complex..的同位语结构这样看只能修饰the Olymic Training Center,根据上面的说法不应该修饰整体吗？如果修饰整体的话，就不能用a。所以上面的说法修饰整个of结构是错的？

cherrytxt

坐等大牛解答

greygray

我是小白，只是过来讨论。
1，第一题的同位语显然是修饰20 percent, 第二题的同位语也显然是修饰olympic center。因为我觉得从句意上只能这么理解。 a complex 是复合型大楼的意思，代表的只能是olympic center。我觉得第二题这里有点问题，一般来言，同位语从句修饰的都是前面整个部分，不过我看题的时候，一般都直接跳过插入成分。。。。。。。。。所以你不说，我就直接就把 a complex 这段个忽略了，也不影响做题。
2.我觉得which指代fresh water 没有错，只是同位语更优。

cherrytxt

greygray 发表于 2013-12-12 13:10
我是小白，只是过来讨论。
1，第一题的同位语显然是修饰20 percent, 第二题的同位语也显然是修饰olympic ce ...

谢谢
你的回答，2里面我有疑惑，如果同位语优于谓语意思是修饰的是一样的，可是这里which是修饰fresh water但是同位语修饰的是20%...这个整体？

greygray

cherrytxt 发表于 2013-12-12 19:45
谢谢
你的回答，2里面我有疑惑，如果同位语优于谓语意思是修饰的是一样的，可是这里which是修饰fresh wat ...

我看prep语法笔记上说，which只能修饰最接近的那个词，但是我也在另一个笔记上看到说，which可以跳过简单的介词短语进行修饰，在这里就是跳过of fresh water。不过我在题目中见过的第二种情况只有这样： The juice of apple, which is sweet, is for my mother. 也就是说是插在句中的，所以我觉得这里which还是有点歧义代指fresh water的
个人看法个人看法

cherrytxt

greygray 发表于 2013-12-12 19:54
我看prep语法笔记上说，which只能修饰最接近的那个词，但是我也在另一个笔记上看到说，which可以跳过简单 ...

我之前也看过which的跳跃修饰，跳跃修饰的必须是介词短语的核心词，你的例子里也是，juice of apple核心词是juice，其实来看就是跳过核心词的修饰词 ；但是在这里，20% of the world's fresh water的核心词我觉得是fresh water,前面只不过是形容fresh water的量。所以我还是很迷惑....

greygray

cherrytxt 发表于 2013-12-12 19:58
我之前也看过which的跳跃修饰，跳跃修饰的必须是介词短语的核心词，你的例子里也是，juice of apple核心 ...

我觉得20 percent是核心词的一部分，因为后面的比较是和20percent比较，而不是和fresh water比较

cherrytxt

greygray 发表于 2013-12-12 20:03
我觉得20 percent是核心词的一部分，因为后面的比较是和20percent比较，而不是和fresh water比较 ...

这样，明白了，所以这里优先使用同位语，which有指代不清的嫌疑。
谢谢^_^