有关分词modify og12-126

lyhong508

最近攻语法，碰到分词修饰很头大。
怎么办？面对他。
上班时间刷不了OG，在语法区搜到老帖一枚：
og12-126 分词修饰的困惑~http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... 7283&fromuid=925675
这里说说我自己的看法和总结，欢迎大家一起探讨。
贴中举了OG中的三个例子，我只把有关分词修饰的选项引用了过来：
（为了作分词修饰的横向对比，我就不列举原题其他选项了，只谈分词情况下的句意和语法。当然实战中正确答案是靠比的）
1. The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses .

2. By a vote of 9 to 0, the Supreme Court awarded the Central Intelligence Agency broad discretionary powers enabling it to withhold from the public the identities of its sources of intelligence information.

3. Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so spiecies of the world's social wasps,"wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of" females---the queen and her sterile female workers.  

4. Sheldon sits in his spot reading a book.

---

问题的关键在于分词的两种修饰方法：定语or状语。

如果作为状语，大多是说明动作发生的背景或情况，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等 。大多放在句首，修饰主句中的主语：Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 要是GMAC把主从句顺序改变为He could hardly breathe, choked by the heavy smoke来考你，怎么办？（实战中结构会稍微复杂点，可能带有插入语）很简单，把choked by the heavy smoke提到句首，句意改变不？不改变——作伴随状语修饰主句中的主语he。

如果作为定语，必须紧跟被修饰的名词。结构上等于which/who + 动词(s) （consisting = which consists)，或者过去分词表被动。

暂且先不讨论这两种情况下逗号的用法，具体看下这几个例子。

1. The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses .
OG是这样解释的：creating seems to refer back to lying; if used as a participial, creating would have to be preceded by a comma.

原帖中有疑问：“creating 在句中没有逗号的情况下，应该是修饰最近的名词才对。怎么会修饰lying呢？
按照OG意思，如果在creating前加逗号的话，能修饰reactions吗？我觉得可以，但是我觉得也会造成修饰前面整个分句的歧义。  ”

在我看来OG是在说：creating好像是作为状语修饰主句主语lying；但作为一个分词，必须前面跟一个逗号（才能作为状语修饰主句主语lying）。从句意上，或者说的直接点，从句的内容限定了从句的逻辑主语是reactions，而不是人。也就是说，如果把creating看做定语，他只能修饰前面紧跟的人，这与原意相悖。所以你要是放一个participial在这里，它是怎么都modify不到那个reactions的，大家感受下。

2. By a vote of 9 to 0, the Supreme Court awarded the Central Intelligence Agency broad discretionary powers enabling it to withhold from the public the identities of its sources of intelligence information.
OG解释：In this correct sentence, the underlined phrase clearly modifies powers; it refers to the Central Intelligence Agency. To withhold from the public is concise, idiomatic, and clear.

原帖的疑问：“OG却不说这里enabling修饰最高法院”

其实这题的情况完全不同。句意上判断，从句逻辑主语该是powers。然后你发现断句之前有一个powers，很好！因为enabling作为定语只能修饰最近的名词。确定主动或被动关系，ing结构的分词无误。再解释下原帖的疑问，如果enabling要作为状语修饰主句当中的主语，也就是最高法院的话，抛开句意不说，前面必跟逗号。

3. Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so spiecies of the world's social wasps,"wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of" females---the queen and her sterile female workers.   

4. Sheldon sits in his spot reading a book.
严格的说我认为这句话偏口语了，有省略while的嫌疑。
anyway如果考试的时候谢耳朵真的这么冒出来了，又没有逗号的话我绝对不会选。

---

总结如下，碰到有分词的选项

理解从句内容，判断其逻辑主语 => 主句主语，有逗号（状语修饰）/选项之前紧跟着的那个名词（定语修饰）=>主动V-ing/被动 过去分词

tips to check: 状语修饰都可以提句首；定语修饰都可以写成定语从句