OG13-86请教语法结构

Vivian1091

In 2000, a mere two dozen products accounted for half the increase in spending on prescription drugs, a phenomenon( that is explained not just by the fact that drugs are becoming more expensive but also by the fact that doctors are writing many more prescriptions fro higher-cost drugs.)

请教这个正确句子的语法结构，主要是 a phenomenon在这里做什么成分？是同位语吗？同位语可以指代前面整个主句？同位语不是只可以修饰名词或名词性的短语么？

kiwifoodtown

我认为这只是对主句的一种补充说明罢了，LZ也可以认为是同位语，不需要作深究。

bejamin1111

吼吼，有涨姿势了！这个问题有意思，查阅了google上许多关于appositive的解释，基本都是说appositive修饰指代前面的名词，但不一定就是最近的名词，如下面这个来自prep的题目：
The state has proposed new rules that would set minimum staffing levels for nurses, rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room.

A. rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room
B. rules with the intent of ensuring one nurse at least to be assigned for every four patients to be put through triage in a hospital emergency room
C. rules intending to ensure at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients in a hospital emergency room put through triage
D. with the intent of ensuring that at least one nurse should be assigned for every four patients in a hospital emergency room that are put through triage
E. and this is intended to ensure one nurse at least to be assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room

就a phenomenon这个句子来说，是appositive，Ron关于这个的解释是：
When it is a conceptual noun, it represents the whole action; and when it is a non-conceptual noun, it represents the noun that is immediately adjacent to it.
phenomenon是抽象名词，所以指代是前面整句话，这样的词还有fact，truth等等...

Vivian1091

bejamin1111 发表于 2013-7-2 10:38
吼吼，有涨姿势了！这个问题有意思，查阅了google上许多关于appositive的解释，基本都是说appositive修饰指 ...

嘿嘿，谢谢了，第一次在CD上提问，这么快就解答了，开心。。看来gmat的语法还是要查曼哈顿

enkyklios

Ron理解的都对，但是他说的语法名词却是错误的。这里不是一个同位语。

Vivian1091

enkyklios 发表于 2013-7-3 05:03
Ron理解的都对，但是他说的语法名词却是错误的。这里不是一个同位语。

请问应该是什么？

hfwang

应该是独立主格结构

楠树

应该是同位语，起到解释的作用。
独立主格一般表示伴随状态，显然不适合这道题吧~~

hfwang

楠树 发表于 2013-7-3 10:38
应该是同位语，起到解释的作用。
独立主格一般表示伴随状态，显然不适合这道题吧~~ ...

From Manhattan
=============
Absolute Phrase - A phrase that consists of a noun and a noun modifier and that modifies a whole clause or sentence.

Appositive - A noun or noun phrase that is placed next to another noun to identify it.

============

"a phenomenon" does not identify "prescription drugs".

enkyklios

Vivian1091 发表于 2013-7-3 08:17
请问应该是什么？

我不知道中文名，他是free modifier 的一种，叫Summative modifier
所以它当然不是也不是同位语。同位语也是一种free modifier. 说它是同位语还有情可原，独立主格是完全不正确的。

例如；Economic changes have reduced Russian population growth to less than zero, a demographic event that will have serious social implications