关于with的用法总结及一些疑问

njubei07

(E) Using accounts of various ancient writers,  E正确               
疑问，我的理解是with结构语法上也可以，但是其他结构语法也正确的话，就不优先用with结构。不知我的理解是否正确？

With X, Scholars ... With+noun 这个介词结构一般是表伴随/表状态，显然scholars具有这种状态在这里感觉很别扭，相反用V-ing 修饰subject/clause（GMAC不care怎么区分，babay姐也提出过，只要动作是由主句subject发出的，并且句意make sense，时态也恰当就可以）表达的更好。

不能说with引导的就错了，我记得有一道OG讲昆虫复杂的眼睛结构，具有很多tiny的结构，OA就是选with，我贴一下我当时的回复

http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... read&tid=863353

补充两句
1. COMMA+V-ing 结构是对主句动词的一种补充，一种修饰，一种延展
一般要求动作的发出者和主句的subject是相同的。这里很显然，无论是structure or eye 当 COMMA+V-ing 结构的逻辑主语都很怪，因为具有miniature eyes是一种状态，而不一种动作，have表达的动作是从无到有的，insect的miniature eyes是天生的，不存在从无到有这个动作。

看OG另一个题目
Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

这里Neuroscientists 在过去的20年内已经掌握了丰富的知识，主句subject是神经学家，动作是having amassed，所以这里COMMA+V-ing作为一种补充很合适。

with修饰一种状态，在原题就显得很得体了，bat大大已经讲透了。


2. 指代不能成为枪毙答案的主要标准，OG很多OA指代都ambiguous

njubei07

with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching  
这里是独立主格，bulls and cows 获得奖励，获得高价，激发兴趣


贴个bat大大的评论

这道题 with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia 就只是【介宾短语】，its hundreds of miniature eyes是一个名词，而后面called ommatidia是定语修饰这个名词，整个结构的主题就是with这个介词+一个名词作宾语

但独立主格不同。比如：Liliy, with her hands waiving in the air, entered the room.

这个with结构里头是三部分 with sth. doing. 这样的结构才是独立主格。

njubei07

OG13-31 Unlike the conviction held by many of her colleagues that genes were relatively simple and static, Barbara McClintock adhered to her own more complicated ideas about how genes might operate, and in 1983, at the age of 81, was awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery that the genes in corn are capable of moving from one chromosomal site to another.
(D) Even though many of her colleagues were convinced that genes were  D正确
(E) Even with many of her colleagues convinced of genes being
疑问，这题E项的with后面好像是跟着个句子，但是with是介词，后面只能跟名词，如果把后面句子的主语当做跟随with后的名词的话，那么后面的谓语这里即convinced of 就没有了主语。所以这里的with用法不正确。不知我这样理解是否正确？

这里是考察对称，
D  colleagues were convinced  X, Barbara McClintock adhered to Y

njubei07

OG13-33 Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging, the manufacturer has announced that it will cut production by closing its factories for two days a month.
(A) Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging,  A正确
(E) Due to an oversupply, with the result that computer chip prices have been sent plunging,
疑问，这题E项的with的错误估计也是作为副词成分向后修饰后面的句子了。而且E项在主句之前是两个副词成分，记得千行里边，在OG13-104（这题上面有）的解释里，baby mm解释到“你有见着两个同时修饰同一个句子的adverbial modifiers就那么用逗号串联么？”，看来所说是真理也，这里很好的验证了。我的理解是否正确？


with这里从语法结构上不可能修饰后面的主句， the manufacturer是主句subject, with表伴随，表状态，不不可能是 the manufacturer具有这个状态，with只能是修饰前面的oversupply，因为wordy，这个选项kick out

njubei07

OG13-70 The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar. Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.                                            (E) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but                              疑问，with是介词，这题很特殊，后面不见名词，怎么解释？

这个句子考察平行
The first trenches,(cut into...), have yielded evidence(that X arose SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH BUT INDEPENDENT OF Y.
清楚了吧？

njubei07

OG13-76 Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthals appear as equipped for facing any obstacle the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change led to their extinction.                                                         
(B) appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path,
疑问， with(前无逗号)短语修饰combining还是strength? 好像是修饰combining. Combine with是个固定短语。

combine a and b，不用想太多

njubei07

OG13-90 The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
(C) which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling C正确
(D) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling
(E) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after having fallen
对比此题和第7题，感觉在同样没有语法错误的前提下，不优先用with. 这个题逗号+with也可修饰前面的名词，但是相比之下用which似乎更好。用with体现不出时态，用which引导的从句可以体现时态。 这个题末尾有个用现在完成时的时间暗示词over the last two years. 不知我的理解是否正确？

主句是The results (of measure) are evident in its profits，显然作者这里话没说完，怎么个evident呢？下面就要解释了，那可不是一般的evident，在连续2年下跌之后，今年的头三月，profit增加了5%，所以修饰的重心要放到profits上面，这样逻辑才顺。

Comma+With+noun指代在这里就不给力了，可以是指代profits，也可以是指代the results做主语的clause，但是result又无法担纲其逻辑主语。

引用下Ron的
in general, "COMMA + prep phrase modifier" is an adverbial modifier, meaning that it modifies the entirety of the preceding clause.
in this sentence, we don't want an adverbial modifier, since it doesn't make any sense for this modifier to apply to the entire preceding clause.
rather, we want a modifier that will only modify the noun at the end of the preceding clause (i.e., "profits"). since this is the exact function of a "which" modifier, that's the modifier we want here.

zhuangzhilingy

真是太感谢njubei07了，一下子回复了这么多。我好好看一下。

ljwqlcl881703

DUKB24 发表于 2013-6-25 07:36
看的我头好晕啊好复杂

其实我的理解，with的结构和ving相似，但是比ving用法广泛

求问OG 13 114题正确选项中 后面一个with 逻辑主语是谁？  他是怎么修饰的？ 修饰的是前面if 从句还是 and 前面主句？ 恳请NN回答

一粒黄豆。

我想纠正一条：
OG13-123 Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease.   逗号+With短语做定语修饰前面的名词

这个with是和link一起用的，1991 report linked A with B, 而不是修饰前面的名词。