关于OG12 SC-8题的讨论

汤包要求学

The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.

(A) that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding
(B) that the universe had begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had been expanding
(C) that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that has expanded
(D) the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding
(E) the universe to have begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding


这道题其实不难，答案是A。我的问题在于OG对于E的解释是说：
  The verb phrases to have begun and has been expanding both reference the same subject of the clause, universe, and therefore need to be parallel. 意思是因为指代同一个主语，所以to have begun和has been expanding要平行。
可是答案A中，begun和has been expanding 也是指代同一个主语啊，为什么就不需要平行了呢？
在这两个答案中，都有“years ago"和”ever since“去限定了时间。

求解答！！！！！我感觉OG对于E的解释是不合理的，与其说平行，不如说to have begun时态不对。

谢谢啦！！

vividlai

begun和has been expanding是平行的，谓语的平行不要求同为一个时态，只要动作发出者一样就可以了，可以根据各自他和time indicator 有不一样的时态，这里begun是发生在过去一个时间点的动作，而 has been expanding是一直持续到现在的动作
不用太纠结OG的解释，观其大略哈

kiwifoodtown

LS的解释对头。这里要说：是LZ没有理解OG的解释，并不是OG不合理，to have begun的确和has been expanding在形式上不平衡，一个是不定式起修饰作用，一个是谓语动词。成分不一样。而A选项两个都是谓语动词，是平衡的。

汤包要求学

kiwifoodtown 发表于 2013-4-11 10:46
LS的解释对头。这里要说：是LZ没有理解OG的解释，并不是OG不合理，to have begun的确和has been expanding ...

thanks so much!!!
我好像明白了一点