lsat 13 (1) questions（补充）

1stzhang

[face=Georgia]Oscar: I have been accused of plagiarizing （抄袭）the work of Ethel Myers in my recent article. But that accusation is unwarranted. Although I admit I used passages from Myers’s book without attribution. Myers gave me permission in private correspondence to do so.

Millie: Myers cannot give you permission to plagiarize. Plagiarism is wrong, not only because it violates author’s rights to their own words, but also because it misleads readers: it is fundamentally a type of lie. A lie is no less a lie if another person agrees to the deception.

5. Which of the following principles, if established would justify Oscar’s judgment?

(A) A writer has no right to quote passage from another published source if the author of that other source has not granted the writer permission to do so.

(B) The writer of an article must cite the source of all passages that were not written by that writer if those passages are more than a few sentences long.

(C) Plagiarism is never justified, but writers are justified in occasionally quoting without attribution the work of other writers if the work quoted has not been published.

(D) An author is entitled to quote freely without attribution the work of a writer if that writer relinquishes（放弃） his or her exclusive right（专有权） to the material.

(E) Authors are entitled to quote without attribution passages that they themselves have written and published in other books or articles.

这个题目我当时就是在A/D之间犹豫了很久，我觉得A/D都说的不好，但是D的后半部分放弃专利权的事情原文根本没有提及。这个题目请教。答案是D


9. Since multinational grain companies operate so as to maximize profits, they cannot be relied to initiate economic changes that would reform the world’s food-distribution system. Although it is true that the actions of multinational companies sometimes do result in such economic change, this result is incidental（偶然的）, arising not from the desire for reform but from the desire to maximize profits. The maximization of profits normally depends on a stable economic environment, one that discourages change.

The main point of the argument is that

(A) the maximization of profits depends on a stable economic environment

(B) when economic change accompanies business activity, that change is initiated by concern for the profit motive

(C) multinational grain companies operates so as to maximize profits

(D) the world’s current food-distribution system is not in need of reform

(E) multinational grain companies cannot be relied on to initiate reform of the world’s food-distribution system

这个主题题目我错了，我想请教各位在做这些主题题目时候的一些思路和妙法！[/face]

kethy

The first question. I think the keyword here is "justify". What does this word mean? In Webster's dictionary, it means "to prove or show to be just, right, or reasonable". So, the question is: which of the following can strengthen Oscar's judgement, or, to prove that his judgement is right. What's Oscar's judgement? He thinks he is not doing plagiarism because the author gave him the authorization. So, the answer is D.

The second question. Let me guess, the answer is E, right? The whole point of this arguement is to say that although sometimes the multi-national grain companies' move can result in some economic change, which means, to reform the world's food-distribution system, but this is not their motive: they are only pursuing the maximum profit. So, they cannot be relied on to perform these reforms.

1stzhang

第一个题目我想问的是D后半部分如何在原文反映？A为什么不对呢？

kethy

D里面后半部分" if that writer relinquishes（放弃） his or her exclusive right（专有权） to the material" 和原文中 "Myers gave me permission in private correspondence to do so." 一致。

Oscar说他没有抄袭，问题问到：以下哪个能证明Oscar是对的？A说，如果一个作者没有给permission，那其他任何作者都无权用他的资料。这能证明Oscar没抄袭么？显然不能。

fwjy

第一个题目我想问的是D后半部分如何在原文反映？

 (D) An author is entitled to quote freely without attribution the work of a writer if that writer relinquishes his or her exclusive right to the material.

与原文的对应关系如下：

gave me permission to use passages from Myers’s book without attribution对应relinquishes his or her exclusive right to the material

A为什么不对呢？

(A)A writer has no right to quote passage from another published source if the author of that other source has not granted the writer permission to do so.

问题问的是Which of the following principles, if established would justify Oscar’s judgment?
也就是说，选项成立，则Oscar’s judgment也成立。

再看(A)，若(A)成立，那么Oscar’s judgment相当于它的否命题。是不等价，不能成立的。

而(D)，若(D)成立，那么Oscar’s judgment相当于它的逆否命题。是等价，成立。

fwjy

第二题主题题，我自己的感受是，要把整个argument合在一起考虑，也就是前提假设，条件和结论。

有些错误选项只选取了题干的部分信息，虽然正确，但不符合主题题。

有些错误选项则是扯到无关信息，还有的则是推理错误。

(A) the maximization of profits depends on a stable economic environment

这个说法题干中提过，但是不是推理出来的。另外，还少了个normally。排除。

(B) when economic change accompanies business activity, that change is initiated by concern for the profit motive

这个说法也是题干中提过的一部份信息，但是整个主题是谈具体的multinational grain companies。排除。

(C) multinational grain companies operates so as to maximize profits

 这个说法题干中提过，但不是推理出来的。排除。

(D) the world’s current food-distribution system is not in need of reform

这个选项谈的是无关信息。排除。

(E) multinational grain companies cannot be relied on to initiate reform of the world’s food-distribution system

正确答案。