OG13-SC107 几个疑问

waytous

107. While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity.
(A) While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to
generate electricity.
(B) While the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants, the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants make the electricity they generate more expensive.
(C) Even though it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes the electricity they generate more expensive.
(D) It costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants, whereas the electricity they generate is more expensive, stemmingfrom the fixed costs of building nuclear plants.
(E) The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as other types of power plants, but the electricity they generate is made more expensive because of the fixed costs stemming from building nuclear plants.

几个问题：
1. for的用法：文中在as后，有的地方没有for，有的地方什么也没有直接加名词。
请问，在何时用for何时用to何时什么也不加就行？看几个选项之间的区别，就让我有点晕。
2. 强调句：OG说除非有合理理由，不然不能用强调句。请问，什么情况下算是有使用强调句的compelling reason?
3. wordy?:
看A和C选项，结构上都形成了...that...that...的格式。我觉得挺awkward的，所以想请教，这样用，如果在没有别的错误的情况下，是否算错呢？


谢谢！

mmmmmignon

When you are dealing with ellipsis, it always helps to begin from the completely expanded version with all the words and then move your way to the abbreviated version by applying ellipsis along the way. I will do the same here:

Let's consider only the pertinent portion of the sentence.

1.        The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as the cost of running other types of power plants.
No issues here with the comparison. Both sides of the comparison are grammatically and logically parallel.

Now what if I replace "the cost of running" with "that". After it is obvious that we are comparing cost of running of the two categories of plants. But when I apply this ellipsis, I need something to connect "that" with "other types of power plants".

2. (Without connection with that)
The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that other types of power plants. WRONG

2. (with correct connection)
The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that for other types of power plants.
So this is where the preposition "for" comes from.

Now we continue with our ellipsis. We can indeed even omit "that" from here since this omission will not lead to any ambiguity.

3.        The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants.

So this is how I get to the correct sentence containing "for".

Now let's apply the same on the set of sentences:
1.        The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence of the disease among women.
1 to 2 - The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence of the disease among women.
2.        The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence among women.
2 to 3 - The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence among women.
3.        The incidence of the disease among men exceeds that among women.

So the key thing here is that as you replace or omit words, think about what connections you may need to get the correct sentence. The nature of the two sentences is different. In the Official sentence, the main component - cost of running - took direct object without the need of any preposition. So when we replaced this with "that" we needed a connection - i.e. a preposition. However, in the other example, the main component - incidence of the disease - itself needed a preposition to connect to the object and hence when we replaced it with "that" we did not need to get another preposition.

Thus when you cross-check your work in ellipsis, start from the complete sentence and then work your way to simplified version with replacement words and omitted words.

啃玉米的兔子

1) 关于for，以B为例：不用for的话，原句变成cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as other types of power plants，比较对象变成cost of runnng nuclear和other types of power plants，就犯了和A一样的错误；当用for时，比较后半部分变为(the cost) for other types of power plants后半句the cost能省略的原因：You can elide the the subject and verb of a clause that's placed in parallel with another if they are an exact match for their counterparts in the other clause   这边被省的cost在前半句出现，故可以省略。



2) 我觉得强调句一般情况下是不需要的（具体情况我也不知道怎么表达比较好），另外一些题目选项中的it is...that...是“伪装”的强调句。


3）在版版的千行中挖出来的~
GMAT writers really go out of their way to avoid repeated-word constructions such as "X THAT Y THAT Z" or "X OF Y OF". If you see something like "extent OF the shift OF light...", you can be 99.9% sure that it's incorrect.


希望没有误人子弟~

DesmondWang

我来试着回答一下：
问题1，for和to什么时候用，主要看比较对象是什么。
比如说A，比较的是to run nuclear plants这个动作和另一个动作,那后面应当补出to run,即to run nuclear plants和to run other types of power plans的两个动作的比较。it这里可做placeholder it来指代to run，还原A是：to run nuclear plants costs about the same as other types of power plants，这样的话是to run和other types的比较，比较对象不对等，C也有这个问题，不过C错用了for，应该用to run。 当然这里是个人的看法（有些instructor也这么看，但OG解释里并未提到这点）。 当然A还有别的问题
而对于B，cost 要和cost比较，所以这里要补出for，即cost of doing sth. compared with cost for other things.比较对象对等了。DE都是如此
问题2：强调句一般是强调某个原因或个体，但这句话的意思其实只是比较两种cost贵贱，并不是强调哪种cost本身，所以没必要用强调句。这里比较才是原句要表达的核心意思。
问题3： that...that是比较awkward，而且比较容易引起歧义，因此做正确答案的不多。比如这里的AC：it is the fixed costs （that stem from building nuclear plants ）that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity这里makes和costs主谓不一致。但我也的确有看到过that...that做正确答案的，这里我不误导你了。

pissunrise

1, 我觉得A的省略应该是没有错的, as后面省略的to run. 即

it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as (to run) other types of power plants...
      OG解释中的 D 验证了这点. "The preposition 'for' is redundant in comparing the 2 objects of 'run'..."
      要比较的是2个to run, 但是D中加入 for 之后就变成了to run nuclear plants 与 (costs) for other types 的比较

      参考自  http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-735625-1-1.html    9L

2, 关于千行中 of...x...of 结构的错误性, 出自OG13-Q139对应的题, 不是绝对性错误, 如OG13的正确例子中确实存在 of...x...of

85, According to a recent poll, owingand living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as itwas of earlier generations.

3, 关于that...that的错误性, 应该不是绝对错误, 但在OG13中没有例子, 在PREP08中找到了2句.

177. In her 26 years in the forestsof Gombe, Jane Goodall collected data that proved that chimpanzees exhibit thekind of curiosity by which new patterns of behavior and expression can bepassed on from one to another by imitation and practice.

226. (GWD-3-Q1) Thefour-million-year-old fossilized skeleton known as Lucy is so small comparedwith many other skeletons presumed to be of the same species that some paleontologists have argued that Lucy represents a different lineage.

泡沫HX

谢谢～懂了～

花染水凉

但是为什么是加for呢？如果说XX的成本，应该是of更好吧？如果要和前面the cost of running nuclear plants平行的话，as后面难道不是与the cost of other type更好么？

pwt930

花染水凉 发表于 2013-3-23 13:29
但是为什么是加for呢？如果说XX的成本，应该是of更好吧？如果要和前面the cost of running nuclear plants ...

同问那！！！！！

pwt930

花染水凉 发表于 2013-3-23 13:29
但是为什么是加for呢？如果说XX的成本，应该是of更好吧？如果要和前面the cost of running nuclear plants ...

http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-735625-1-1.html看这个！

花染水凉

pwt930 发表于 2013-4-9 21:47
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-735625-1-1.html看这个！

THX~~~这个问题都快被我抛到脑后去了~~XD

luoxiaonian

花染水凉 发表于 2013-4-15 23:01
THX~~~这个问题都快被我抛到脑后去了~~XD

the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as (the cost) for other types of power plants.

the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as (the cost) of running other types of power plants.