求教Prep07-Q3的状语相关问题~~~~【this tread has closed】

Gloriafighting

3.    (24557-!-item-!-188;#058&001027)

Less than 35 yearsafter the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, hadmigrated as far north as southern Texas.

(A) Less than 35years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,

(B) In less than35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,

(C) In less thanthe 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo,Brazil,

(D) It took lessthan 35 years from the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,when

(E) It took lessthan the 35 years after the time that African honeybees were released outsideSao Paulo, Brazil, and then

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）、动词形式（Verb Form）、指代一致（Agreement）

1) 分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语

2) it不能指代介词短语, it可以指代主语从句和不定式结构: It is difficult to do this research. It is important that we finish ontime. 在这两个例子中it分别指代to do this research和that从句

3) 现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in pastyears…

(A) 正确, after + n.结构避免了逻辑主语问题; less than 35 years after …符合习惯用法

(B) sincereleasing放在句首,逻辑主语等于句子的主语their descendants, 不符合逻辑; since是现在完成时的标志和had migrated矛盾; since的使用不符合习惯用法

(C) since是现在完成时的标志和had migrated矛盾; since的使用不符合习惯用法

(D) it不能指代介词短语from the release…

(E) it不能指代介词短语from the release…

求教A/B/C前半句的选项分析~~~~ABC前面的这个“less than 35 years after……”这个到底是什么成分 confusing啊！！！！谢谢同学们~~

问题补充：

我先说说我对正确句子的看法：
Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, had migrated as far north as southern Texas.

（问题1）我highlight了主谓，我觉得前面after是做had migrated时间状语（就是你说的verb modifer），问题是这个less than 35 years是干什么的呢？？修饰after the release of blablah的吗？


在说B/C错误选项里。
(B) In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(C) In less thanthe 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo,Brazil,
（问题2） 我按解析的理解是“since……”同样是时间状语，修饰had migrated，这才有了语法笔记里解释的的B的releasing的逻辑主语是their descedants，以及C选项里面的“since……”与had migrated的tense不符的问题。问题是，前面的这个in the less 35 years是干嘛的？？修饰谁？


希望我把自己的问题讲清楚了~

DUKB24

it is an verb modifier，作为migrated 的modifier，表明他们什么时候migrate

摘自我自己总结的千行EXCEL:


this sort of modifier -- an initial modifier that begins with an adjective -- should fulfill the following two requirements:
(1) the adjective should refer to the subject that follows the comma;
(2) the description in the modifier should have some sort of easily understandable relationship to whatever is described in the following clause


for instance:
Fresh from the tree, the mangoes were difficult to eat because they were not yet ripe.
--> requirement (1): "fresh (from the tree)" describes the mangoes.
--> requirement (2): the fact that the mangoes were fresh from the tree is directly related to the fact that they were not yet ripe enough to eat.

Gloriafighting

超级感谢dukb童鞋每次这么热心的回答~~先赞一个再来仔细看一下~~

coline0703

请问一下，后面的THEIR可以指代蜜蜂吗？它不是在一个介词结构之内？

Gloriafighting

it is an verb modifier，作为migrated 的modifier，表明他们什么时候migrate

摘自我自己总结的千行EXCEL:


this sort of modifier -- an initial modifier that begins with an adjective -- should fulfill the following two requirements:
(1) the adjective should refer to the subject that follows the comma;
(2) the description in the modifier should have some sort of easily understandable relationship to whatever is described in the following clause


for instance:
Fresh from the tree, the mangoes were difficult to eat because they were not yet ripe.
--> requirement (1): "fresh (from the tree)" describes the mangoes.
--> requirement (2): the fact that the mangoes were fresh from the tree is directly related to the fact that they were not yet ripe enough to eat.

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2012/8/30 21:30:16)

Dukb的verb modifer我在Manhattan上看过~~我觉得verb modifer有很多种，在这里应该是算时间状语吧？


我觉得我好像没把我的问题表述清楚，下面尝试一下~
我先说说我对正确句子的看法：
Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, had migrated as far north as southern Texas.

（问题1）我highlight了主谓，我觉得前面after是做had migrated时间状语（就是你说的verb modifer），问题是这个less than 35 years是干什么的呢？？修饰after the release of blablah的吗？


在说B/C错误选项里。
(B) In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(C) In less thanthe 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo,Brazil,
（问题2） 我按解析的理解是“since……”同样是时间状语，修饰had migrated，这才有了语法笔记里解释的的B的releasing的逻辑主语是their descedants，以及C选项里面的“since……”与had migrated的tense不符的问题。问题是，前面的这个in the less 35 years是干嘛的？？修饰谁？


希望我把自己的问题讲清楚了~

Gloriafighting

请问一下，后面的THEIR可以指代蜜蜂吗？它不是在一个介词结构之内？

-- by 会员 coline0703 (2012/8/30 22:12:37)

我是这样理解的，代词知道归结来就是歧义的问题。
当前面如果有两个复数的noun，一个在介宾里，一个不在，那就优先指代不在介宾里的。
现在是前面除了bees没有别的复数可以指代了，就指代他~

DUKB24

sorry。没看见你的问题，还以为你只是问less than放句首的用法

1）umm，同意你的说法，less than  35 years after the release


如果你真要细纠结结构，说说我的看法：35years是一个noun，after the release是一个noun modifier，来确定是哪个35年，是神马东西被释放之后的35年，less than同样也是一个noun modifier，修饰35 years，在什么东西被释放之后的少于35年的时间里


我觉得这里你没有必要就真正那么纠结所谓的语法结构，关键你要看懂句子想表达什么


35 years after the release这是一个timeframe（simple past）----less than 35 years另一个timeframe（过去的过去，不足35年，past perfect）


2）BC选项
关于你说的since从句问题，引导的这里就是一个状语从句。就是可以相当于一个另外一个time indicator，只不过比较装逼把这个所谓的简单的状语形式改成了句子


in less than 35 years (since....)，这个介词还是在修饰句子的主语

open to discussion..LZ语法点抠得很细致啊

Gloriafighting

表示还是很疑惑呀？！

如果按DD童鞋说的，less than 35 years是个时间的话，那么简化句子之后就会变成：
Less than 35 years， their descendants had migrated……
前面这个时间段直接放着很奇怪啊，再怎么也得说：in+时间/for+时间，由此才能作时间状语呀？

越来越不明白了~

P.S.：新头像sooooooo cute~~~

DUKB24

你不能把后面的after和since去掉，那个是个essential modifier

去掉你就没法理解句子的意思

最简洁明了的理解就是： less than 35years                           after the release of...

还有
这个less than不同于其他的介词短语你说的要加in什么的


less than本身就是一个形容词开头的modifier，你就参照我之前贴的excel来理解这个成分

Gloriafighting

还是不是很懂呀！如果less than是modifer，那麽less than这个是修饰谁的呢？