关于had done 和 过去式的用法 OG

小c考托福

According to some analysts, the gains in the stock
market reflect growing confidence that the economy
will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier
in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing,"
followed by a gradual increase in business activity.


(A) that the economy will avoid the recession
that many had feared earlier in the year and
instead come
(B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what
many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
(C) in the economy's abilityto avoid the recession,
something earlier in the year many had feared,
and instead to come
(D) in the economy to avoid the recession many
were fearing earlier in the year, and rather
to come
(E) that the economy will avoidthe recession that
was feared earlier this year by many, with it
instead coming


这道题选A没有疑问。从对称可以判断。但是我想知道这道题问什么划线句子用过去完成而不用过去时啊。像这类没有明显时间标志的过去完成时怎么去判断正误啊？

小c考托福

顶！

sawayisa

我认为吧，是为了强调feared这个动作已经过去,用过去时不能说你错，但是没有过去完成好。见到earlier in the year就用过去完成过于武断。

superbat28

这道题比较贼，特例分析吧。但基本上来说，关于时间、时态的问题要考虑语义。

如果你是站在现在的角度立场上，描述过去的事，用一般过去式。
如果你是站在现在的角度上，描述未来的事，用一般将来时。
如果你是站在现在的角度上，描述时间A发生过，事件B发生在时间A之前（并且你要强调两个事件的出现有前后顺序），那么事件B用过去完成时，事件A用一般过去式。

所以，过去完成时使用的条件一般为:
1. 有两件在过去发生的事，发生顺序有先后
2. 作者有分清两件事发生先后顺序的意图，才通过过去完成时 和 一般过去时 来表明这种先后顺序

所以具体到这道题，是因为gains in the stock market是已经发生过的事了，作者想说earlier的fear已经不存在了，要和这个gain发生的时间区别看来，所以用过去完成时可以表示出先是fear出现，然后gains出现，然后大家confidence归来。

小c考托福

谢啦。