gwd8-24

ethyl

when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population was from Germany 是不是也应该是had been呢。

不用吧；一般过去时陈述就可以啦。

luxing

AB迷惑中

remona9t

认为这道题是A,B存在比较明显的事态错误，

首先，就像楼上的xdjm句的例子一样，不是说只要出现since,就一定要用完成时。

其次，我认为该题的考点就在于是态的把握，请看下面几个题：

1.        A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump

(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping

(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump

(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump（A）

(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

55. A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.

(A) had elected early retirement rather than face

(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing

(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing

(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing（E）

(E) have elected to retire early rather than face

Because the sentence describes a situation that continues into the present, choices A and B are incorrect in using the past perfect had elected, which denotes an action completed at a specific time in the past. Also, alternatives presented in the expressions x rather than y and x Instead of y should be parallel in form, but A and B mismatch the noun retirement with the verb forms face and facing. C is faulty because have elected, which is correct in tense, cannot idiomatically be followed by a participle such as retiring. D correctly follows have elected with an infinitive, to retire, but, like A and B, fails to maintain parallelism. Only E, the best choice, uses the correct tense, observes parallelism, and is idiomatic.

根据OG的解释可以看出，ETS对于过去完成时和现在完成时的使用是很严格的，过去完成时的使用一定要在文章中出现过去发生的某一个动作，而另一个动作发生在该动作之前，且一直持续到改动做结束为止，才可以用过去完成时，就像大全力的第一题A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced（过去发生的某一个动作） the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been（持续到该动作结束为止） allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

再看本题 A March 2000 Census Bureau survey showed (对照OG55：a recent study HAS found)that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country's foreign-born population was from Germany.

有两个动词：accounted for 和 was都明确的指出，contribute的动作是在accounted 和 was 之前发生的，并持续到两个动词结束为止，如果要用完成是来表示，则应该是the largest share that any country had countributed since 1890( till March 2000 ), contritute 的动作在survey调查结束时就已经停止了。

如果这道题是说a recent Census Bureau survey shows that....acounts for...., 那后面的部分the largest share that any country has countributed 才是正确的，即contribute的动作时在shows和accounts 之前发生，并持续到现在，而不是持续到过去的某一点：showed, acounted

我觉得B是一个混淆选项，本题的考点就在于对过去完成是态的把握

答案应该是A

请NN们指正

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-6-16 18:05:05编辑过]

diehard

同意楼上的观点

真不知道A哪里不好

隽尔

A March 2000 Census Bureau survey showed that Mexico accounted for more than a quarter of all foreign-born residents of the United States, the largest share for any country to contribute since 1890, when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population

was from Germany.

A. the largest share for any country to contribute

B. the largest share that any country has contributed

我认为, B 中 that 除了强调时态,也是在强调事实

而A中, to 作为不定式, 有将来的意味, 而且是强调一种可能,  尤其是在 "sth. for sb. to do " 的结构中

e.g. the first(best/most important) thing for you to do is that ...但是,美国外来人口的几分之几是什么人,这个好像也不能有一种限定啊, 如果选A的话, 感觉题目意思是: 2000 年的人口普查, Mexico 占all foreign-born residents 人口的1/4还多, 这是一个foreign country能够对 foreign-born 人口占有的最大比重....

就是感觉A 不妥当

remona9t

以下是引用anyname在2005-5-12 15:30:00的发言：

for somebody/something to do something 不是随便可以用的吧。

25% was the largest share for any country to contribute 是不是念起来很别扭？为什么呢？

我觉得是to contribute无时间概念，怎么都不象在说过去的已经发生的事。比较一下简单句子体会一下：

(A) This is the best thing that he can do.

(B) This is the best thing for him to do.

(C) This is the best thing that he has done.

如果以上句子A B多少有点类似的话，B C则意思完全不同了。

说到时态，when about 30 percent of the country’s foreign-born population was from Germany 是不是也应该是had been呢。

说到for somebody to do something:

19
used to say what is possible, difficult, necessary, unusual etc

for somebody/something to do something

It's unusual for Donald to be so bad-tempered.

There is an urgent need for someone to tackle this problem.

Here is a chance for everyone to learn new skills.

It was too far for her to walk in high-heeled shoes.

---from LDOCE

longman里面说的很清楚：for somebody/something to do sth. 有很多种意思，第一个意思就是表示一种可能性，本题就是表达了一种可能性：即一个国家所能贡献的最大份额；

.“ the first(best/most important) thing for you to do is that ...但是,美国外来人口的几分之几是什么人,这个好像也不能有一种限定啊, ” 我认为这里不是一种限定，就表示了一种可能性

而且B的时态却是有问题，找了一边大全，主语一般过去时，从句是现在完成时的没有发现过；

认为答案还是A

open to discussion

Avantasia

要跳出来否定自己以前的观点了...对不住观众了.

这题还是选A, 大家可以看看我前面的例子, 我的两个反例都是since处于一个分词结构之中, 而这就是问题的关键, 我查了一些资料, 分词可以在某种程度上面表示完成的意思, 但是这题since在主句里面, 我觉得完成时还是必须的.

OG里面一个支持我的例子:

53. There is no consensus on what role. if any, is played by acid rain in slowing the growth or damaging forests in the eastern United States.

(A)  slowing the growth or damaging

(B)  the damage or the slowing of the growth of

(C)  the damage to or the slowness of the growth of

(D)  damaged or slowed growth of

(E)   damaging or slowing the growth of

The corrected sentence must make clear that both damaging and slowing the growth of refer to forests. E is the only choice that does so without introducing errors. In choice A, o/is required after growth. In choices B and C, the use of the damage instead of damaging produces awkward and wordy constructions, and without to after damage, B is grammati­cally incomplete. In C, the slowness o/does not convey the original sense that the rate of growth has been slowed by acid rain. Choice D also changes the meaning of the sentence by making both damaged and slowed refer to growth.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-6-20 23:00:30编辑过]

remona9t

有没有更多的NN出来发表点看法啊，就要考试了，可gwd里面还是有很多拿不准的答案

cloudwind

這題如果是考試時遇到，排除CDE，又看到since一定會很直覺選B。



不過看到上面的討論，對 "現在完成式和過去式沒有同時出現" 這點很在意。

OG上遇到的例子似乎過去式都和過去完成式一同出現。



難道要因為(B)不是過去完成式這樣的理由選(A)？雖然(A)for+N to+V的形式也有上面的大大說可以代表完成的意味，但是看到since，還是會覺得完成式（儘管是現在完成式）比較好。



請NN指教! 多謝!

wwwhahchn

B的时态没有错误啊

the largest share ... 是补充说明more than 1/4的，后面的从句修饰share，没有必要和前面的主句时态保持一致，而且意思上也没有缺陷：showed和accounted for的动作是发生在过去，但是more than 1/4这个数字是从1890年到现在最大的，而30%又是发生在1890年，所以用过去时was，这里丝毫没有什么逻辑错误啊

A觉得很awkward，for sb. to do sth.总觉得有将来的意味，不知道这个理解对不对