OG12 Verbal 2nd Edition 第21题

luckykai

While depressed property values can hurt some large investors, they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose equity--in many cases representing a life's saving--can plunge or even disappear.

(A) they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose
(B) they can potentially devastate homeowners in that their
(c) for homeowners they are devastating, because their
(D) for homeowners, it is potentially devastating in that their
(E) it can potentially devastate homeowners, whose

正确答案是A。但是不明白A中的they怎么会“clearly refer to property values”呢？我恰恰觉得they此处指代不清，不明确究竟是指代property values 还是large investors。要说的话large investors 离they最近，很可能指代large investors呀？
还有不明白为什么说B中“can potentially” redundant。虽然这两个词只取一个不影响句子，可它们放在一起和单独用所表达的意思并不完全一样呀？

luckykai

没有人回答吗？up，up

stt300

不知道现在回复LZ还会不会看到了，可能考完了吧都?我认为they主句对位指代从句的主语，这是代词指代的一个倾向性，所以是指代..values的，但是我想问问为何B不对，我就是选了B，看了答案后感觉in that确实是比较偏的词，用的较少，而且can和potentially是重复，而且根据情态动词原则，确实原句没有情态动词随意加也不好。


但是我当时选的时候就在A和B间犹豫，但是最终我认为while(whereas)引导的从句与主句有平行结构更好，所以看到while从句中有can，我就选择了can，我感觉不影响表意的情况下加can也是可以的，而且正好与从句对仗平行了。且从表意角度我认为是没有问题的，原句虽然which定从修饰homeowners，可翻译为“下降的values 一直潜在的给权益资本会下降甚至消失的私有房主带来巨大破坏“。改为B的in that从句表原因，也可以翻译为”下降的values 一直潜在的给私有房主带来巨大破坏，因为他们的权益资本会下降甚至消失“。还是说这样的表意改变了？或者说从语法规则上来说定语的就不要改为状语从句修饰，内涵意思就会改变，不要深入分析意思了？


所以哪位NN给解释解释啊！

stt300

UP！UP！顶一下

DUKB24

UP！UP！顶一下

-- by 会员 stt300 (2012/10/16 9:48:00)

in that cannot used as noun modifier (as opposed to the whose used in the original choice);it cannot state cause-and-effect relationship as well


also, in the choice B, their and they both seem to modify depressed property values


but their should be refer to homeowner (the noun is constructed as a subject in the relative clause in choice A)


you should figure it out through the logical meaning






you cannot change the intended meaning unless the original choice is grammatically incorrect or illogical

stt300

首先非常感谢LS回复！！


一、关于代词指代
你提到的代词的指代我之前确实没有注意，正好我最近在复习代词指代，正对于这个问题发愁，但是我认为此处的they和their可以如此指代，因为B是主句+in that引从句了，所以they作为主句对位指代while从句中的values，然后their作为从句可以指代前主句中的homeowners，因为我整理的语法要点中从之前的题目中总结的：“指示代词与物主代词指代不一致的情况很常见，但相同的指示代词在一句话中必须指代同一个名词，如两个they，一个they和一个them等”，例题如下：
Og12-82 According to a recent poll, owning and livingin a freestanding house on its own land is stilla goal of a majority of young adults, like that of earlier generations.
(A) like that of earlier generations
(B) as that for earlier generations
(C) just as earlier generations did
(D) as have earlier generations
(E) as it wasof earlier generations - E正确
正确项E中it指代owning分句而its指代house，当然这句间隔比较远，结构明显可以看出就是指代不一样，但是比较经典的og12-87

In an effort to reduce their inventories,Italian vintners have cut prices; their wineshave been priced to sell, and they are.
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have
(E) had been priced to sell, and they have - C正确
正确项C中– their指vintners，they指wines

所以我认为此题they和their应该是可以分别指代的，不知道我这样理解对不对，因为我对于另一道og题也是有点想不通的
Verbal 2nd - 22. Japanese researchers are producing a series of robots that canidentify human facial expressions, to which they will then respond; theirgoal is primarily creating a robot that will empathize with us.
(A) expressions, to which theywill then respond; their goal is primarilycreating
(B) expressions, then responding to them; primarilyto create
(C) expressions and then respond to them; theresearchers’ primary goal is to create
(D) expressions as well as giving a response to them;their primary goal is creation of
(E) expressions and responding to them; primarily, theresearchers’ goal is creatiing - C正确og解释说A项 – they指代robots，their就不能再指代其他，但是表意their指代researchers

我认为they在前一句话定从中指代robots是可以的，分号后另一句是与前一句平行结构的，那么主语their应该是可以对位指代第一句平行结构中的主语的。但是我后来也就没有再纠结，因为此题从结构方面来看，定从后又是定从，且respond to expressions也不对，还有to do是表目的而不是is doing，从表意和句式来说C是更好的，但是我认为既然有og的题目是这种指示代词和物主代词指代不一样的句子，那么还是可以这么使用的，但是有点不明白何时可以如此指代。

二，关于in that
LZ说的我没太明白，是说in that不能修饰n，不能用于修饰因果结构？但是in that是表因为的，而且是3个介词后可以加从句的结构啊（except that，but that和in that），我查了og的题，有几题是in that题，但是正确项都不是in that，而且og说in that太书面化 太过生硬，但是我发现GWD和大全有正确的，如下大全681，所以我认为此题还是in that用的少比较偏，og不倾向，且有更优项A，但并不是语法错误！
681 Teratomas are unusual forms ofcancer because they are composed of tissues such as tooth
and bone notnormally found in the organ in which the tumor appears.
(A) because theyare composed of tissues such as tooth and bone
(B) because theyare composed of tissues like tooth and bone that are
(C) because theyare composed of tissues, like tooth and bone, tissues
(D) in that theircomposition, tissues such as tooth and bone, is（E）
(E) in that theyare composed of tissues such as tooth and bone, tissues - E正确

不知道以上2点我的意见对不对，请大家讨论!

DUKB24

nope

the discussion about in that is not right


in that can never appear to be a correct choice( for stating the cause-and-effect relationship)  in official problem


the usage of in that:
quote:




X because Y means that there is an actual CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP, in which Y is/was the actual CAUSE of X.


X in that Y is a LIMITING STATEMENT. in these statements, x is usually something very general, but then the sentence LIMITS that statement to the scope of whatever Y is.


here are a couple of examples.


joe is a typical teenager in that he likes to watch a great deal of television.
--> MEANING: joe shares one thing with typical teenagers: namely, he likes to watch a lot of tv.    



joe is a typical teenager because he likes to watch a great deal of television.
--> MEANING: joe's tv shows have actually CAUSED him to BECOME LIKE other teenagers.







also, in the problem of their reference


when dealing with pronoun ambiguity issue, you should notice whether the pronoun is split against other concrete nouns (If that turns out to be the case, then you are more likely to be tested about the pronoun issue)


notice that their is being split in other choice


in the second example you raised , all the choices contain they, so pronoun ambiguity is not an issue ( the GMAT official takes for granted that we are able to determine who is the only and logical antecedent for they)


just don't use so many time to analyse pronoun ambiguity issue, the return on your time investment is quite pale


look for the splits to determine whether pronoun ambiguity is being tested here

stt300

非常感谢DUKB回复，而且时间也很晚了还回复的那么详细，谢谢！也加你好友了，希望有机会多多沟通学习！

对于你说的我收获很大，in that我基本明白你的意思了，我想起之前在其他地方看过的可以翻译为“在于”的意思，也就是有点X的属性可以体现在Y，但是并没有Y是引起X的原因的意思，不过我又查了查Longman和Cambridge的解释，Longman没有，Cambridge就是解释为”because“的意思了，不过我觉得从GMAT角度还是可以按照你说的理解，而且不常用in that的，如果考到也可以从其他语法点排除选出正确项，我觉得其他CDer如有如此问题也不用再纠结了。


关于代词指代，其实我也没有花费很长时间，我觉得你说的很对，这不是语法问题，是efficiency问题，所以没必要特别纠结，我也是正好最近在分析og所有代词指代题，结合Manhattan语法纵向看时发现的，所以才很快找到例子，倒也没花费太多时间。我觉得你说的方法很好，就是看一下代词是否被其他一些名词分割开，这样的情况应该就是想考比如此题的their的指代是否歧义，你是这个意思吧？


但是酒的那道题是紧跟，而且选项都是用的they，可看出不是考点。而且我自己又看了此题B的句子，主句后跟in that后面的their应该是优先指代主语的，那应该是values，所以是有歧义的。


所以通过DUKB的方法，建议看到此贴的CDers在代词指代方面有所收获，按照最应试的方法可以快速看出考点，排除错误选项！！再次感谢DUKB！

DUKB24

yes

u got the point

sisichen666

插个话，嘻嘻~~记得原来大叔好像说过，in that强调的是说明差异或有何特别之处，because强调的是绝对的因果关系，不过貌似是effectiveness的错误，不必过于纠结。。。。