【求确认，求持续讨论】comma+V-ing非系表结构里到底能不能作定语？【求版主乱入】

qiaowin88637

系表结构是可以做定语的啊比如：OG-30正确句子
For members of theseventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with woodenframes were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.


protecting就是修饰主语shields和宾语items啊
因为主系表是特殊结构，A is B所以A=B，所以修饰A也就是修饰B啊，所以protecting既作主语shield的定语说明作用，也作items的后置定语说明作用啊

qiaowin88637

UP 求指点

qiaowin88637

qiaowin88637

芝麻来人

superbat28

【，V-ing】优先做状语考虑（可能是伴随状语，可能是结果状语，具体情况具体分析）

但是，这样的结构，从未失去其作定语的可能。也就是，实在句子中这个结构做状语说不通的话，它可能还是会被抓来做定语的。

玄冥太子

不懂，那么说只要在句尾而且逗号前面有名词Ving就有歧义咯？
还有OG13-35
OG13-35
By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen
official national and international speed records, and
she earned them at a time when aviation was still so
new for many of the planes she flew to be of
dangerously experimental design,
(A) and she earned them at a time when aviation
was still so new for many of the planes she flew
to be
(B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so
new for many of the planes she flew to be
(C) earning these at a time where aviation was still
so new that many of the planes she flew were
(D) earned at a time in which aviation was still so
new such that many of the planes she flew were
(E) earned at a time when aviation was still so new
that many of the planes she flew were
答案是E。
OG对B项的解释是：Here, the word earning takes the pilot herself, not the records, as its subject. However, earning is close to the records, not to Jacqueline Cochran, making this sentence hard to process. In addition, the causal relationship between aviation being new and planes being of experimental design is more effectively communicated by the structure so new that many X were Y, not by the structure so new for many Y to be X.
按照Ron的条件，earning them at a time完全满足。earning可以视为和held同时发生，且apply to  the subject。也就是对的，为什么OG却说是不对的，有可能修饰records.还有一种说法是earn离主语太远造成修饰歧义，在我看来这跟OG13-29题相比较已经算近的了。
OG13-29
Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.
为什么还会产生修饰歧义？

flhuihui1001

楼上，我的疑问也和你一样，结合一些google资料和ron的解释，希望以下内容对你有帮助：

In the # 35, the action “earn” and “have ”are not simultaneous actions. Logically you “have” something after you “earn”it. So #35 does not apply to the below 2-2) case. And “earn” is not the resultof “have”, so #35 does not apply to the 2-1) case, either. Therefore, “comma+ing”here functions as a noun modifier.

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How to use“clause, +ing” comstruction

Case 1. -ing modifies a noun in the clause. Comma+ing follows the Touch Rule as a noun modifier.

   1) -ing modifies the subject

      Rushing to catch her plane, Bridget left the party. (-ing describe Bridget = rushing)   

2) -ing modifiesthe object

       I go to a party, dying down. (-ing describe the party = dying down)

Case 2. -ing modifies the preceding whole clause.In this case, -ing applies to the subject of the preceding clause and has nothing to do with the Touch Rule(Touch rule is only available for noun modifier!).

1)   -ing indicates a result of the preceding clause and applies to the subject, that is, the subject is aperson/thing whose action is responsible for the result described in the -ing modifier, but the subject is not the direct doer of the -ing action.

        Eg: Jam broke the window, angering his father. (Jam didn't anger hisfather directly but his action angered his father)

2)   -ing indicates a simultaneous,but lower-priority, action and applies to the subject.

       Eg: I write my paper, sitting on my favorite chair

Reference: http://www.knewton.com/blog/gmat/2011/07/11/what-to-memorize-for-the-gmat-5-more-must-know-rules/

http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/regarding-comma-verbing-t11652.html

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Here comes the explanation of OG’s answer.

Since “earning” here is a noun modifier, it follows Touch Rule. Now we turn to the case 1.

1)      If you want “Earning” to modify the subject, the sentence should be: Earning her speed records at a time……, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran, by 1940, held seventeen…...

2)      If you want “Earning” to modify the Object (records), “earning” should be in the Passive Voice since the recordsis earned. So Option E is right.

There is no modifying ambiguity in the #29.“beginning” and “ending” modify the period. “Outnumbering” modify the whole preceding clause to indicate a result.  

sun0091222

flhuihui1001 发表于 2013-11-8 12:05
楼上，我的疑问也和你一样，结合一些google资料和ron的解释，希望以下内容对你有帮助：
In the # 35, the a ...

解答的很详细，谢谢

zincgirl

受益匪浅

愤怒的大橘子

15版的Neuroscientists那道答案改为A了。。。。。。
C:Amassing, like having amassed, functions as an adjective,not a verb;the sentence therefore lacks the first main verb implied by the compound verb construction and are now drawing...