LR 4#

玛莎丁丁

18. Mary, a veterinary student, has been assigned an experiment in mammalian physiology that would require her to take a healthy, anesthetized dog and subject it to a drastic blood loss in order to observe the physiological consequences of shock. The dog would neither regain consciousness nor survive the experiment. Mary decides not to do this assignment.
Mary's decision most closely accords with which one of the following principles?

(A) All other things being equal, gratuitously causing any animal to suffer pain is unjustified.
(B) Taking the life of an animal is not justifiable unless doing so would immediately assist in saving several animal lives or in protecting the health of a person.
(C) The only sufficient justification for experimenting on animals is that future animal suffering is thereby prevented.
(D) Practicing veterinarians have a professional obligation to strive to prevent the unnecessary death of an animal except in cases of severely ill or injured animals whose prospects for recovery are dim.
(E) No one is ever justified in acting with the sole intention of causing the death of a living thing, be it animal or human.

玛莎丁丁

我觉得ADE都可以排出，但是BC选项引入的条件都没有在题干中出现，如何判断哪个更优呢？

simonshen

B跟C最大的区别在于，B是Taking the life of an animal 。。。而C是experimenting on animals 。。。
而题目里这个放血是要致死的吧？

玛莎丁丁

in order to observe the physiological consequences of shock
说是实验也对啊….

simonshen

Mary不肯做这个实验不是因为这是个针对动物的实验，而是因为这实验会造成那狗死亡，这个是个关键信息，也是B跟C的最大区别。C太宽泛了，没有紧扣会造成死亡。题目问的是most closely accords with。。。所以要找最贴近的选项。举个例子，如果是一个给狗放血，但是放完了那狗还能活过来的实验的话，那可能用C做标准的话Mary还是不能做这个实验，但如果用B做标准的话，由于不会导致动物死亡，因此也许就可以做了。所以C比B限制地更死，原因是C的条件更宽。

玛莎丁丁

嗯～有理。thanks!