关于现在分词修饰问题

xixiuknow

OG12的30题：
For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a mothod to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting 答案
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect

今天看了一个帖子关于分词短语的修饰问题，很有帮助，http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-501311-1-1.html
里面有个总结：
1.-ed在句末,不管有无逗号,不表示伴随结果,都是就近修饰名词
2.现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语；
3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的谓语动词,做谓语动词的伴随状语(其逻辑主语等于句子的主语)或做句子的伴随结果(无逻辑主语)(as a result of 与分词做的伴随结果状语功能一样,and so 也表示因果关系) .因此不能用句尾现在分词(前面加逗号)修饰前面句尾的名词.特别要注意伴随结果与因果并列句的比较和区别
4.当现在/过去分词在句中且前没有逗号,修饰前面紧邻名词;
5.当现在/过去分词在句中且前后都有逗号,有歧义:1)修饰前面紧邻的名词,2)向后修饰后面句子的主语.(夹心饼干)
6.在前面有多个名词如名词1+介词+名词2结构,而要用分词修饰名词1时,为避免歧义要重复名词1即用同位语结构:名词1+介词+名词2,名词1+分词.

可我还是有问题
按照规则3来说答案protecting在句尾且前面有逗号，应该是修饰谓语动词were，逻辑主语应该是animal-hide shields，可是og上说protecting describe items of military equipment，这是为什么

还有OG55题
Many house builfers offer rent-to-buy programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new houseing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase later.
(D)programs,which enables a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing, applying
D中的applying是个现在分词，前有逗号且在句尾，应修饰临近句子的谓语动词enables，所以逻辑主语是which，也就是programs，而OG上说applying在非限制性从句后，指代的是builder而不是family ,错误，这是为什么

倦夕可乐

30
The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment.-->it is used to describe the original sentence(a method ..)

what og says about "protecting..” -->Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the items of
military equipment.

that is correct with others' explanations above.

superbat28

主系表结构... 修饰主语也就意味着修饰宾语，因为A is B ==> 就是说A和B是一样得。这也是30题为什么OG解释是修饰animal-hide shields

倦夕可乐

50
1 "which...."here is a NONrestrictive clause,used to describe the program.it seems we rarely use v-ing to modify nonrestritive clause(not sure)

2 u should get ideas from the original sentence. (which is the choice A:a family to be able to move into new housing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase later.)
after u read this, u can find there is no logic problem, two parts are in the form of parallelism.perfect.

The latter part does not need to mofidy the previous one.

change-->
a family(modify) to move into new housing, applying...
a family(modify) to move into new housing and to apply..

even if the subject in both sentences is family. they still have differnces in meaning.
the latter one means family to apply whatever, however in the previous one，"applying.."is used to describe the whole sentence,(note 3 above). here u use V-ing to describe the previous is kinda of awkward.

3 besides here is a nonrestritive clause, the main verb and the main subject are both in the first sentence(the v-ing is more likely to be used to modify the first sentence),which is explained by the og.

all personal opinion.hope is helps a little.

ldxwd19891012

第一个问题是主系表结构嘛。
第二个问题我感觉语法上没问题，逻辑上则不好。毕竟非限定定从是nonessential的，而apply对于句子是essential的而去修饰一个nonessential的句子不好吧。

Heathrow

prep语法笔记上
V-ing结构在句子中可以做定语，状语。

1)放在句子末尾时，如果前面是主谓宾结构，如果同时时态上与主句搭配合理，V-ing结构作状语，作为：

①伴随动作，表与主句动词同时发生的动作

②伴随结果，表主句动作带来的结果。

此时注意其逻辑主语的判断：其所修饰分句的动作发出者。

2)放在句子末尾时，如果前面是主谓宾结构，如果同时时态上与主句搭配不合理(如本题D,E选项)，V-ing结构作定语修饰前面名词。Prep 188

3)如果前面是主系表结构，由于系动词是一个状态不存在“被伴随”，但是V-ing结构依然修饰的是整个主系表结构，所以后面的V-ing结构也可以被解读为修饰前面的名词成分—主语（如果宾语是名词，也一同修饰，因为主系表结构中主语和宾语所指是同一事物--见OG10-39, OG11-24中对正确选项C的解释）。

IvyF

楼上大牛们解释了一直萦绕我的难题！！感激万分！

gsyxxx9

那伴随结果与因果并列句
v+ing有什么区别啊

mwh9511

可以解释一下，句尾是什么概念吗

AHOLA

那请问当现在分词在句尾前有逗号的情况，它是修饰主句的逻辑主语还是修饰整个句子？？
求解：Skeletal studies show that the mole's thumb forms from an elongated wrist bone,explaining that ,the pseudo-tuhmb,as compared with true digits,which have multiple parts,consist of a single bone.
A.wrist bone,explaining that ,the pseudo-tuhmb,as compared with true digits,which have multiple parts,consist
B.wrist bone,explaining that ,the pseudo-tuhmb,as compared to true digits,having multiple parts,consist
C.wrist bone and that it explains why, as compared with true digits,which have multiple parts,the pseudo-thumb consists
D.wrist bone,and it explains the pseudo-tuhmb,unlike true digits,which have multiple parts,consists
E.wrist bone,a formation that explains why ,unlike true digits,which have multiple parts,the pseudo-thumb consists
答案为E