几个SC的小细节困惑，求解答~！！！感谢！！！

MsDoughnut

173.(GWD-10-Q18)

Analyzing campaign expenditures, the media has had as a focus the high costs and low ethics of campaign finance, but they have generally overlooked the cost of actually administering elections, which includes facilities, transport, printing, staffing, and technology.

A. Analyzing campaign expenditures, the media has had as a focus

B. Analyses of campaign expenditures by the media has been focused on

C. In analyzing campaign expenditures, the media have focused on

D. Media analyses of campaign expenditures have had as a focus
E. In their analysis of campaign expenditures, the media has been focusing on

本题答案：C
我想问一下，除开后面单复不一致的错误，A/C/E这三个选项的开头状语有没有什么不同

也就是
1.analyzing campaign expenduture
2.In analyzing campaign expenditure
3.In their analysis of campaign expendicture
4.（我自己想到的）with the analysis of campaign expenditure

这几个分别就是Ving句首做状语、prep+Ving句首作状语、和prep+noun 作状语的细小区别以及各自适用的情况？
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2.
191.(GWD-10-Q24)
For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained well below that of the other three countries.

A. Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained

B. have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining

C. have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained

D. the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has remained
E. the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained



选项分析:
(A) 比较对象不对等，将经济和国家进行比较；with的逻辑主语是Dutch economy，错误；现在完成时的进行时态having remained不可以做限定性修饰，错误。

(B) those没有所指代的词；and后不是一个整句，没有谓语动词。

(C) 比较对象不对等，将经济和国家进行比较。

(D) with的逻辑主语是Dutch economy，错误。

(E) Correct。

我想问的是，A/D选项抛开逻辑主语的问题，在这里是不是独立主格结构？
以及什么情况下，with+n+Ving/Ved/adj./prep 是需要考虑逻辑主语的

with引导的独立主格结构和with引导的一般的介词做状语和做定语有什么区别？怎么区别？

例如：baby姐举过的例子： with summer coming，the deer population ......这里的with summer coming是独立主格吗？他的形式满足了独立主格的形式



-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
如何理解歧义修饰？
什么样子的修饰会造成歧义？

例如：On the bus，the children are looking at....

    The children ，on the bus，are looking at...
这两个句子里面的ON THE BUS 分别做什么成分？
第二个句子里面的on the bus 是做非限定修饰，但是如果是看作状语可以吗？因为位置在中间。这算歧义修饰么？
或者麻烦NN举一个歧义修饰的句子，实在是不懂

MsDoughnut

帮忙吧。。。我马上上考场了。。混掉了完全混掉了。。。。

babybearmm

mm给我留言了，可鉴于你很快考试，我很担心我现在说得让你更昏。就说原本有些没消化，然后我又给你脑袋增加新的负担，万一再和你以前学到的矛盾...... 我觉得我能给的最好的建议，就是：别急，静下来，找个SC正确句子合集word文档（毛毛斑竹的置顶文章有），搜索with，反复读，体会语言和句意（不要纠结于语法术语）。

Indeed, it's very difficult to summarize all the usage of "with", because the usage of "with" is toooooo versatile. The ultimate goal is to express correctly and effectively.
Some discussion here
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_Preparation/thread-646901-76-1.html
Again, given very limited time left for you, I don't want to get you more confused by cramming into your brain a bunch of new stuffs. So - just simply read the correct sentences and get the feeling.

• When do you use "with"?  First, "with" must make LITERAL sense. Second, NO AMBIGUITY.
  

• When do you avoid "with"?  When there is a better way to express the intended meaning. By "better" I mean more precise, more effective, etc.
  

那道Dutch economy的题目，D的with就不make sense.
D. The Dutch economy has grown faster than X, with the unemployment rate that has remained below Y.
这句话逗号前后的逻辑意思，是什么关系？并列关系！
前者是economic growth，指标例如GDP
后者是unemployment rate，它自身就是一个indicator
所以这个with就不make sense. 而正确答案用"and"连接两个逻辑上并列、地位同等的信息，make sense.

第一题，我的思路是这样，通读全句理解意思后，发现是逻辑并列的两个分句，parallelism.
后面", but they have generally overlooked ...."
那么前面就该.....相信你知道了，直接就选定C了。

1.analyzing campaign expenduture
2.In analyzing campaign expenditure
3.In their analysis of campaign expendicture
4.（我自己想到的）with the analysis of campaign expenditure

In the above structures you made up, #1 and #4 do not make sense in this context. You should use "in" - "in doing so ..."
Also, recall that when v-ing serves as an adverbial modifier, it conveys a meaning of either detailed explanation or direct causal relationship.  
#2 is fine. This sentence uses the v-ing form to emphasize the process/procedure/action of analyzing.
#3 is also fine. This sentence de-emphasizes the action of analyzing; rather, it is like saying "in this report, the author has focused on ...."

with引导的独立主格结构和with引导的一般的介词做状语和做定语有什么区别？怎么区别？
不好意思，这个我无能为力。我语法不好，好在GMAT SC不考name the grammatical terms. 我就是从句意逻辑上看"with"到底是否makes sense。

173.(GWD-10-Q18)

Analyzing campaign expenditures, the media has had as a focus the high costs and low ethics of campaign finance, but they have generally overlooked the cost of actually administering elections, which includes facilities, transport, printing, staffing, and technology.

A. Analyzing campaign expenditures, the media has had as a focus

B. Analyses of campaign expenditures by the media has been focused on

C. In analyzing campaign expenditures, the media have focused on

D. Media analyses of campaign expenditures have had as a focus
E. In their analysis of campaign expenditures, the media has been focusing on

本题答案：C
我想问一下，除开后面单复不一致的错误，A/C/E这三个选项的开头状语有没有什么不同

也就是
1.analyzing campaign expenduture
2.In analyzing campaign expenditure
3.In their analysis of campaign expendicture
4.（我自己想到的）with the analysis of campaign expenditure

这几个分别就是Ving句首做状语、prep+Ving句首作状语、和prep+noun 作状语的细小区别以及各自适用的情况？
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.
191.(GWD-10-Q24)
For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained well below that of the other three countries.

A. Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained

B. have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining

C. have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained

D. the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has remained
E. the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained



选项分析:
(A) 比较对象不对等，将经济和国家进行比较；with的逻辑主语是Dutch economy，错误；现在完成时的进行时态having remained不可以做限定性修饰，错误。

(B) those没有所指代的词；and后不是一个整句，没有谓语动词。

(C) 比较对象不对等，将经济和国家进行比较。

(D) with的逻辑主语是Dutch economy，错误。

(E) Correct。

我想问的是，A/D选项抛开逻辑主语的问题，在这里是不是独立主格结构？
以及什么情况下，with+n+Ving/Ved/adj./prep 是需要考虑逻辑主语的

with引导的独立主格结构和with引导的一般的介词做状语和做定语有什么区别？怎么区别？

例如：baby姐举过的例子： with summer coming，the deer population ......这里的with summer coming是独立主格吗？他的形式满足了独立主格的形式



-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
如何理解歧义修饰？
什么样子的修饰会造成歧义？

例如：On the bus，the children are looking at....

    The children ，on the bus，are looking at...
这两个句子里面的ON THE BUS 分别做什么成分？
第二个句子里面的on the bus 是做非限定修饰，但是如果是看作状语可以吗？因为位置在中间。这算歧义修饰么？
或者麻烦NN举一个歧义修饰的句子，实在是不懂

-- by 会员 MsDoughnut (2012/3/28 10:42:08)

babybearmm

On the bus，the children are looking at....  
Here "on the bus" is an adverbial modifier

The children ，on the bus，are looking at...
This sentence sounds weird to me....
I would say "The children on the bus are looking at ...". Here "on the bus" is a noun modifier.

如何理解歧义修饰？
什么样子的修饰会造成歧义？
This issue is truly based on case-by-case logic. My suggestion: search "ambiguity" and "ambiguous" in the pdf document of the OG12 SC session.

如何理解歧义修饰？
什么样子的修饰会造成歧义？

例如：On the bus，the children are looking at....

    The children ，on the bus，are looking at...
这两个句子里面的ON THE BUS 分别做什么成分？
第二个句子里面的on the bus 是做非限定修饰，但是如果是看作状语可以吗？因为位置在中间。这算歧义修饰么？
或者麻烦NN举一个歧义修饰的句子，实在是不懂

-- by 会员 MsDoughnut (2012/3/28 10:42:08)

mslancaster

在QQ上给你讲啦，不好意思一直开会....

你翻译一下就知道不同了

aeoluseros

楼上两位真棒！