GWD10-23

AgencyWan

Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually focused on whether theEarth would warm and by how much, but climatologists have indicated allalong that the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largest impact on people, would be extremes of temperature, precipitation,and storminess.

A.the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largestimpact on people, would be extremes of temperature,precipitation, and storminess

B.the effects that are the most obvious ones, extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, would be those impactingthe most on people

C.those effects to have the largest impact on people, extremes oftemperature, precipitation, and storminess, are what are the most obvious effects

D.extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, the mostobvious effects, that they would have the largest impact on people

E.extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, which arethe most obvious effects, are those to impact the most on people
答案选A  但是不大清楚A中and those that would have the largestimpact on people在句子中做什么成分呢  假如做的是插入语 那为什么前面有个and呢 and不是必须有平行对象的么。 若这里的and是连接he most obvious effects和those that would have the largestimpact on people的 那为什么要加那个逗号呢。 请NN解释下！

AgencyWan

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lxd19870226

158. (OG12-121)
Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease
A.    they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease
B.    after the 1991 report that linked a reduced risk of heart disease with a moderate alcohol consumption, particularly red wine, they began growing again
C.    in a 1991 report, moderate alcohol consumption, and particularly of red wine, which was linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, caused them to begin to grow again
D.    with a reduced risk of heart disease linked in a 1991 report with moderate alcohol consumption, in particular red wine, they began growing again      
E.    a reduced risk of heart disease linked to moderate alcohol consumption in a 1991 report, and in particular red wine, started them growing again

题目释义：Sales declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked A, …,with B.
考点：
代词指代（reference）平行结构（parallelism）逻辑意思（Logical predication）
1. link…with/to…固定搭配
2. 代词若离其所指代对象太远，则会造成指代不清的情况。
选项分析：
A.    correct；They是完全指代，指代sales of wines；and particularly of red wine中去掉and也是对的(and可放在插入语前，不影响逻辑—lcy19812000)；begin to do或begin doing都正确；in particular在本题不如particularly有效，因为介词太多句式会复杂。
B.    red wine与alcohol consumption概念不同，不能同位修饰，应该在red wine后面也补上consumption；they离其所指代的slaes太远，使得句子理解起来不清晰，awkward；link A with B，A和B谁在前并不要紧。
C.    in a 1991 report修饰but后整句，使句意荒谬：在报告里，酒的销量开始上升；which指代的是red wine，错误(which通常就近指代)；particularly of red wine与moderate alcohol consumption不平行，后者应改为moderate consumption of alcohol；cause的主语是consumption，逻辑意思很荒谬，正确的主语应该是report。
D.    red wine不能同位修饰alcohol consumption，要在red wine前面加上of；they began growing中的they离其指代对象sales过远。
E.    in a 1991 report有修饰moderate alcohol consumption的歧义，好像consumption是发生在report里，还是A的表达最为明确；in particular red wine无法修饰alcohol consumption，概念不同；start的主语是risk错误；start them中的them指代不清。
补充说明：
1.    OG12-121解释：
Logical predication; Rhetorical construction
This sentence explains why a trend of declining wine sales reversed after the publication of a 1991 report suggesting that moderate consumption of red wine correlated with reduced risk of heart disease. The phrase particularly of red wine modifies consumption of alcohol, and the sentence must make clear that it is moderate consumption, not red wine that the report links to reduced risk.
A.    Correct. In the second clause, they refers correctly to sales of wines; the relative clause beginning with that clearly indicates that the report linked moderate consumption … with a reduced risk.
B.    articularly red wine cannot describe consumption—the preposition of is needed; the placement of they so far from the position of the antecedent Sales makes the sentence awkward and difficult to decode.
C.    The clause beginning with which refers to red wine in this construction, erroneously suggesting that wine rather than moderate consumption of alcohol correlates with reduced risk of heart disease; particularly of red wine is not parallel to moderate alcohol consumption; it needs to follow moderate consumption of alcohol to make sense.
D.    Without the preposition of, the sentence indicates that red wine is a kind of consumption—which makes no sense.
E.    The incorrect placement of the modifier in a 1991 report suggests that wine is being consumed (albeit in moderation) in the report itself.
The correct answer is A.
2.    本题的秒杀方法：只有A选项but前后才是平行对称的，S.V.O+介词短语做时间状语，but S.V.O.+介词短语做时间状语。如此平行的结构，应该在第一时间对A建立好感。其次再用平行结构确认选项的排除。
类似题链接
GWD24-Q23: Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually focused on whether the Earth would warm and by how much, but climatologists have indicated all along that the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largest impact on people, would be extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess.
A. the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largest impact on people, would be extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess
B. the effects that are the most obvious ones, extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, would be those impacting the most on people
C. those effects to have the largest impact on people, extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, are what are the most obvious effects
D. extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, the most obvious effects, that they would have the largest impact on people
E. extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, which are the most obvious effects, are those to impact the most on people
此类似题与本题的相似之处在于：those that前面多了一个and，类似于particularly of red wine前面多了一个and。?这个and都是起到强调语气的作用。
全句含义：对温室效应的讨论总是集中在地球变暖了多少，但是气象学家指出，那些最明显的影响，（和那些影响人们最大的影响）是极端气候、降雨和暴风雪。
毛毛carina的类比：我认为A选项是这样一个结构，换句中文举例：最大那个苹果，同时也是最红的那个苹果，是我想吃的。主句是最大那个苹果是我想吃的，中间成分，那么刚刚好它也是最红的。所以需要有and，也就是说和用非限定性定从语气上有区别。
key: the first choice.