prep08说:“3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词.”但是 prep07-133 In the pastseveral years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, mostof them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars. (A) most of themas large or larger than Jupiter, which circle (B) most of themas large or larger than Jupiter and circling
(C) most of themat least as large as Jupiter, circling (D) mostly atleast as large as Jupiter, which circle (E) mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling
* if the modifier functions as an ADJECTIVE (modifying the preceding NOUN), then you DO NOT use a comma before it. * if the modifier functions as an ADVERB (modfying the entire preceding CLAUSE), then you DO use a comma before it.
examples:
* joe turned off the highway, heading toward gainesville --> joe is NOW heading toward gainesville (i.e., AFTER turning off the highway). in this case, "heading toward gainesville" modifies the entire preceding clause "joe turned off the highway".
* joe turned off the highway heading toward gainesville --> joe is NOT heading toward gainesville ANYMORE (i.e., the highway itself is headed toward gainesville, and joe has turned off it). in this case, "heading toward gainesville" modifies only the word "highway"..