翻箱子再问大全762！！

smilingsea

請問大全762

以下是引用paopao在2004-8-5 6:25:00的发言：

11.   The growth of the railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when he sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.

(A) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing which指代abolition错

(B) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and which differed which指代abolition错/which重复

(C) which were determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing

(D) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differed（E）表面上好，逻辑错

(E) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing

In choice A, was is incorrect; the verb must be were to agree with times. （主谓不一致） Also, which becomes the subject of a compound verb that lacks parallelism: was determined…and differing. （？？？） In choice B, was is again incorrect, and the use of two which clauses is awkward. （笨拙） In choice C, which were determined…and differing is another faulty compound verb. （？？？） Choice D presents a false compound: determined is an adjective modifying local times and differed is the simple past tense of to differ. （不平行） Because they serve different grammatical functions, these words cannot be treated as parallel elements joined by and. Choice E is best: without which, determined and differing function not as verb elements but as parallel modifiers of local times. （平行） This question is very difficult.

which becomes the subject of a compound verb that lacks parallelism: was determined…and differing. （？？？）  In choice C, which were determined…and differing is another faulty compound verb. （？？？）

这两句OG为何说它们不平行 which were determined ...and (were ) differing 是平行的啊

虽然不如E简洁

谢谢

我覺得此處be determined和 differ變成在修飾前一句主詞The growth, 因為參照大全624 及大全626, 可以發現626 中 不可用depending,而必須要用who depend來修飾historians, 那為何此句的differring 可用來修飾times?

謝謝!

对正确选项E中使用“，＋过去分词determined和现在分词differing” 修饰local times的用法表示深深的疑惑。感觉“，＋过去分词determined和现在分词differing”应该修饰本句主语growth，而不能修饰times.

哪位能讲解一下？

万分感谢！

rt316

从语法角度上讲，逗号后的定语结构可以修饰growth，railroads，abolition或local times这四个名词，相比而言，定语结构跨谓语修饰主语的现象比较罕见，当然不排除可能性，尤其是修饰倒装；但是，从逻辑的角度看，determined和differing只能修饰times，when the sun...明显暗示了针对times这个时间概念，而如果没有这个短语，仅仅是differing，倒有可能造成指代不明的现象。

smilingsea

以下是引用stoneren在2004-9-9 13:23:00的发言：
从语法角度上讲，逗号后的定语结构可以修饰growth，railroads，abolition或local times这四个名词，相比而言，定语结构跨谓语修饰主语的现象比较罕见，当然不排除可能性，尤其是修饰倒装；但是，从逻辑的角度看，determined和differing只能修饰times，when the sun...明显暗示了针对times这个时间概念，而如果没有这个短语，仅仅是differing，倒有可能造成指代不明的现象。

谢谢斑竹！但是还有疑问：

您所说“定语结构跨谓语修饰主语的现象比较罕见”，我认为分词结构前没有逗号的时候的确是这样的。但是在有逗号的情况下，一般都是跨谓语修饰整个句子的主语。比如：

256. The nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.

(A)              The nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.

(B)              To the historian Tacitus, the nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote two letters, being the only eyewitness accounts of the great eruption of Vesuvius.

(C)              The only eyewitness account is in two letters by the nephew of Pliny the Elder writing to the historian Tacitus an account of the great eruption of Vesuvius.

(D)              Writing the only eyewitness account, Pliny the Elder's nephew accounted for the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.

(E)              In two letters to the historian Tacitus, the nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius.

这道题答案是E。对B为何错,ets这样解释：In B, the verb phrase that begins being the only eyewitness accounts modifies the subject of the preceding clause, suggesting non-sensically that the nephew of Pliny the Elder himself was the eyewitness accounts. 可见，现在分词being在语法功能上只能修饰的是前边句子的主语，而非最近的名词letters.

同样的，我们讨论的这道题目，由于在determined和differing前有逗号存在，决定了他们在语法功能上只能修饰growth,不存在指代不明的问题。

还是十分疑惑，请赐教，谢谢！

rt316

逗号后的分词结构修饰主句做状语一般仅限于现分结构，而过分结构在句尾作状语的很少，所以我说如果没有determined这个过分结构而只有differing这个现分结构的话，可能会造成歧义。

smilingsea

以下是引用stoneren在2004-9-9 23:39:00的发言：
逗号后的分词结构修饰主句做状语一般仅限于现分结构，而过分结构在句尾作状语的很少，所以我说如果没有determined这个过分结构而只有differing这个现分结构的话，可能会造成歧义。

明白了，十分感谢！