| 晕了晕了,语法到底没有MM好看…… 
 问题我是用红字标出来的,请教各位大虾了!!!! 
   
   
 9.7 分词的时态 
 1)一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如: 
    Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.  听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。 
    Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。 
 典型例题 
   The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.  
 A. to prepare  B. preparing  C. prepared  D. was preparing  
   答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。 
 2)完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如: 
   While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。 
   分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。 
   Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后,他出去了。 
    =As he had finished his homework, he went out. 
   典型例题 
   ___ a reply, he decided to write again.   
 A. Not receiving  B. Receiving not  C. Not having received  D. Having not received   
    答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again. 
  有时又会说:现在分词是用在进行中的动作,分词表示已完成的动作。 
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 9.8 分词的语态  
 1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。是不是用作状语或其他成份时也这样? 
 例如: 
 He is the man giving you the money.  (= who gave you…)他就是给你钱的那个人。 
 He is the man stopped by the car.  (= who was stopped by…)他就是那个被车拦住的人。 
 2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生,如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。 
 例如: a well-read person.  一个读过许多书的人 
          a much-traveled may 一个去过许多地方的人 
          a burnt-out match   烧完了的火柴 |