请教，晕了。。。独立主格和run-ons 怎么区分？——prep08/155

attractg

155.With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon [ u ]Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life , and with[ /u ]60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.
A Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with
B Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its
C Europa has long been considered as far too cold to support life and has
D Europa , long considered as far too cold to support life, and its
E Europa, long considered to be far too cold to support life, and to have


答案是B 。解释是its 60 square miles of water thought to be...做 been considered 的伴随状语做补充说明。逻辑最合理。 还说its 60 square miles of... 是一个独立主格结构。  不太明白，为什么？ 总觉得B选项是run on sentences 。run-on sentence 不是把两个独立的句子写在一起么？B选项逗号后面也有主语its 啊，谓语是thought to be 吧？逗号前面也有主语、谓语，这样不是两套主谓了么？


请教各位帮忙解答一下~~~  灰常感谢~！！！

米米时代007

thought to be不是谓语，是过去分词，谓语是is，没有出现。。

米米时代007

不过我挺迷茫的是独立主格能不能加and..

米米时代007

P231 MANHATTAN
A few GMAT sentences use a sophisticated modifier called an Absolute Phrase（独立主格）. Absolute phrases are composed of a noun plus a noun modifier. These phrases do not have to modify what they touch; rather, they modify the main clause in some way.
Right: His head held high. Owen walked out of the store.
Right: Owen walked out of the store, his head held high.
Right: Owen walked out of the store with his head held high.

Consider another example:
Right: Scientists have found high levels of iridium in certain geological formations around the world, results that suggest the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of Years ago.
The absolute phrase in this sentence, results that suggest the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago, is composed of the noun results and the noun modifier that suggest...years ago. Notice that the noun results does not modify world, the closest noun in the main clause. The noun results refers to either high levels of iridium or the act of finding these levels. The absolute phrase construction gives us a way to link a second sentence to the first.
Right: Scientists have found high levels of iridium in certain geological formations around the world. These results suggest the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago.

映日飞烟

thought to be作谓语需要加be动词，所以B后半句不完整，不是run-on

独立主格和主句有紧密逻辑关系，相反平行结构不存在这种关系，从句子意思上可以区别

babybearmm

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-646121-1-1.html

独立主格是noun+noun modifier
注意noun + noun modifier不构成一个完整的句子（缺少谓语！）

run-on sentences是把俩句子写一起。

babybearmm

不能加and
", and ..." 是引导另一个并列的从句，或者平行结构

独立主格可以有with
以下转自08语法笔记，第一种形式这里有讨论http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-646121-1-1.html
独立主格三种形式：
1)一般形式（独立部分与主句部分无太多关联）n.+n.，n.+V-ed/v-ing，n.+介词短语/形容词短语
2)with形式（与主句主语有紧密的逻辑关系）：with+宾语+宾补，如：with+n.+v-ed/v-ing/介词短语/形容词短语
3)each形式（必须前面有复数名词）： each+v-ed/v-ing，each+介词短语/形容词短语，each+n.+介词短语
*：with型独立主格在GMAT中常常被判累赘。

attractg

谢谢大家热心解答~~ 明白了很多~~  也就是说B选项的后半句如果变成一个完整的句子应该是 its 60 square miles of water ARE thought to be frozen from top to bottom. ？(是不是应该加个are ?)   因为没有be 动词，所以不是run-ons , 是独立主格的一种~

babybearmm

对

谢谢大家热心解答~~ 明白了很多~~  也就是说B选项的后半句如果变成一个完整的句子应该是 its 60 square miles of water ARE thought to be frozen from top to bottom. ？(是不是应该加个are ?)   因为没有be 动词，所以不是run-ons , 是独立主格的一种~

-- by 会员 attractg (2012/1/24 22:47:10)

attractg

谢谢大家~~~ 谢谢babybearmm ~  向你学习哈！！！