求助——看过曼哈顿语法笔记后的几个疑问语法点

shaoheng1120

关于问题一，我在prep08笔记中197页看到这么一句话，these在充当主语的时候是可以单独指代的，但是充当宾语的时候不可以。不知道这种说法对吗？
上例句：Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.

-- by 会员 奈奈奈 (2011/12/26 16:34:41)

LZ：举的例子来源正确答案么？
是these 指代 hot sauces，但是 and these...感觉 run-on.
若these指代宾语，也说不通啊。
am I right？

奈奈奈

1.  In the original book, it is said " you may use any of there pronouns as adjective in front of nouns", not "you must use them in front of nouns".  When you use "that" or "those" to refer some noun or nouns, you must modify this new copy or copies, just as you did in your counter example.

2. In your example, "namely" is modifying the whole appositive, not the noun.


3. I am not sure where you find this.  In Manhattan SC, the author only emphasizes that "The helping verbs would and should should NEVER go in the if  part of the sentence".


4. Please tell me the specific page on which “likelihood/possibility“ is discussed.


5. In colloquial sentences, we usually use "be to" to express a future action. In GMAT, you must use "will" or "should" instead.


6. The subjective clause introduced by "that” is correct in GMAT.  The frequently used structure is "it can hardly be said that…..", in which "that…" is the really subject but put in a revert position. In this option, the clause preceded by "that…" is put in the original position as the subject, but what is "it is their fault". This sentence is in passive voice,  and it doesn't need an object any more.


7. As I haven't worked on Prep yet, please allow me to skip this.  However, I haven't noticed "ones can't not refer to people".

-- by 会员 alancui (2011/12/27 22:47:26)

非常感谢！豁然开朗
第1 2 4 5 6题我明白了，但是还有个疑问
第3：您的意思是不是说would/should 不能出现在if条件句中的 if从句 部分？

奈奈奈

关于问题一，我在prep08笔记中197页看到这么一句话，these在充当主语的时候是可以单独指代的，但是充当宾语的时候不可以。不知道这种说法对吗？
上例句：Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.

-- by 会员 奈奈奈 (2011/12/26 16:34:41)

LZ：举的例子来源正确答案么？
是these 指代 hot sauces，但是 and these...感觉 run-on.
若these指代宾语，也说不通啊。
am I right？

-- by 会员 shaoheng1120 (2011/12/27 23:02:00)

these指代endorphins

Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.

(A)hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(B)hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect that is like morphine

(C)hot sauces and exercise both stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine

(D)the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated both by hot sauces and exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(E)the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated by hot sauces, just as with exercise, and these have a pain-relieving effect like that of morphine

Key：A。

小结：

1)除非很明显，this\these不能单独指代，要补出后面的名词。

2)they指代前面出现的对象，these指代离它最近的对象，指代都要满足逻辑符合，主谓一致的要求。

3)当they前出现两个以上主谓符合的对象时，视其为指代不清。而these前出现两个以上主谓符合的对象时，可以就近指代，比they更佳。