好想問一下2002年9月的reading.希望有好心人能回~謝謝!

linling

   In the North American colonies, red ware, a simple pottery fired at low temperatures, and stone ware, a strong, impervious grey pottery fired at high temperatures, were produced from twodifferent native clays. These kind of pottery were produced to supplement imported European pottery. When the American Revolution (1775-1783) interrupted the flow of the superior European ware, there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with comparable domestic  goods. Stoneware, which had been simple, utilitarian kitchenware, grew increasingly ornate

throughout the nineteenth century, and in addition to the earlier scratched and drawn designs, three-dimensional molded relief decoration became popular. Representational motifs largely replaced the earlier abstract decorations. Birds and flowers were particularly evident, but other subjects---lions, flags, and clipper ships--- are found. Some figurines, mainly of dogs and lions, were made in this medium. Sometimes a name, usually that of the potter, was die-stamped onto a piece.

As more and more large kilns were built to create the high-fired stoneware, experiments revealed that the same clay used to produce low-fired red ware could produce a stronger, paler pottery if fired at a hotter temperature. The result was yellow ware, used largely for serviceable items; but a further development was Rockingham ware--- one of the most important American ceramics of the nineteenth century. (The name of the ware was probably derived from its resemblance to English brown-glazed earthenware made in South Yorkshire.) It was created by adding a brown glaze to the fired clay, usually giving the finished product a mottled appearance. Various methods of

spattering or sponging the glaze onto the ware account for the extremely wide variations in color and add to the interest of collecting Rockingham. An advanced form of Rockingham was flint enamel, created by dusting metallic powders onto the Rockingham glaze to produce brilliant varicolored streaks.

           Articles for nearly every household activity and ornament could be bought in Rockingham ware: dishes and bowls, of course; also bedpans, foot warmers, cuspidors, lamp bases, doorknobs, molds, picture frames, even curtain tiebacks. All these items are highly collectible today and are eagerly sought. A few Rockingham specialties command particular affection among collectors and correspondingly high prices.

以下每題有另一個答案的是我做真題時..選的..想和人討論一下..

11. Why did the potters discussed in the passage change the kind of pottery they made?

A). They discovered a new kind of clay.

B). They were compensation for the loss of an overseas supplier.

答案:B.......這題是真不明白

13. The passage suggests that the earliest stoneware

(A). was decorated with simple, abstract designs( B). used three-dimensional decorations

答案:A.....................但我選B我有用粗體mark...因為我在文中看到才選

21. The passage would most probably continue with a discussion of

C). examples of Rockingham ware that collectors especially want

D). pieces of Rockingham ware that are inexpensive in today's market

答案:c

Question 32-40

        Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators pr decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for and length of time will be destroyed Therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected

(5) agents of weathering and erosion Marine organisms thus are better candidates for

fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typically the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.

       The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of

freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans Ancient swamps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swamps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly (aide(D)in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

        Only a small fraction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon become depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This makes for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species.

          The best fossils are those composed of unaltered remains. Generally, it is the inorganic hard parts, composed mostly of calcium carbonate, that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

33. The word "agents" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

C). areas

D). causes

答案..............我選C當areas.............太傻超級版上也有人討論,,說是C..可是我還是不確定

39. What is the author's main point in paragraph 3?

A). Weathering makes it impossible to identify many fossils.

C). Fossils provide a limited sample of ancient organisms.

答案:C

40. Why does the author mention "aragonite" ........最後一段有提到這個字

C). To argue that certain fossils are more informative than others

D). To illustrate the kinds of inorganic hard parts that can form fossils

答案...................可是c這個答案不好嗎,,,,,

linling

還是

有誰知道哪裡,,,,能不能貼一下,,,有比較正確的答案版本2000年以後的,,,,,,,,,,,,,因為有很多種,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

,,,,,,,要不然reading有點難問人,,,,,,,,,,,,唉唉

marshial

有点耐心，等我做到这部分时，我们一起切磋！！

snow_mountain

请注意发帖格式！

linling

唉~~~

likui

逵逵来也，先报到～做好回帖，行吧？

不行了，不行了，内急～等等～

likui

很晚了，再不睡又要被回旋踢了～会打掉牙齿的，先给你回一篇文章的吧～

建议你自己好好看看再问～

In the North American colonies, red ware, a simple pottery fired at low temperatures, and stone ware, a strong, impervious grey pottery fired at high temperatures, were produced from two different native clays. These kinds of pottery were produced to supplement imported European pottery. When the American Revolution (1775-1783) interrupted the flow of the superior European ware, there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with comparable domestic goods.

11. Why did the potters discussed in the passage change the kind of pottery they made?

A). They discovered a new kind of clay.

B). They were compensation for the loss of an overseas supplier.

答案:B.......

我先把第一段演绎一下（不是翻译）：在北美殖民地，经低温烧制成的简单的陶器和经高温烧制，强度高且密封性好的，属陶器一种的瓷器都是以北美两种不同的粘土为原料。这些陶器都是为弥补对欧洲进口的需要而生产出来的。美国独立战争干扰了欧洲高档货的流入，这刺激了美国陶工们生产具有可比性的国产品替代进口。到这里就不用翻了吧～答案已经出来了。

the loss of an overseas supplier 就是干扰了欧洲高档货的流入的改写～

我想你之所以选A， 是没有理解stoneware的意思，干扰加重所致。并且前一个stoneware的句子结构比较复杂难以判断。你认为stoneware是 a kind of clay，其实有【hardware五金】，那么我们也可以推断，这里的stoneware 是一个比较宽泛的名词，而不会具体是a kind of clay～

Stoneware, which had been simple, utilitarian kitchenware, grew increasingly ornate throughout the nineteenth century, and in addition to the earlier scratched and drawn designs, /three-dimensional molded relief decoration became popular.

13. The passage suggests that the earliest stoneware

(A). was decorated with simple, abstract designs

(B). used three-dimensional decorations

答案:A

注意红色部分，整个19世纪，那么就有早期，中期，后期的说法；

became是一种渐变，说明经历了时间的跨度～而题目问的是 the earliest ～

【in addition to 另外】，那么，在 popular之前，势必是 scratched

abstract可以说是对scratched 的一个改写；

           Articles for nearly every household activity and ornament could be bought in Rockingham ware: dishes and bowls, of course; also bedpans, foot warmers, cuspidors, lamp bases, doorknobs, molds, picture frames, even curtain tiebacks. All these items are highly collectible today and are eagerly sought. A few Rockingham specialties command particular affection among collectors and correspondingly high prices.

21. The passage would most probably continue with a discussion of

C). examples of Rockingham ware that collectors especially want

D). pieces of Rockingham ware that are inexpensive in today's market

答案:C

这种题目不能单看最后的词来选择的，还是要看意思的，阅读是有个过程的，不是看见胡子就是老子， 而且 most probably 这样的题推测都只推一层，怎么会是inexpensive是非分明的两者取一了呢～

有什么事明天再说～

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-8 23:13:45编辑过]

likui

Question 32-40

Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators pr decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for and length of time will be destroyed Therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected

(5) agents of weathering and erosion Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typically the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.

33. The word "agents" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

C). areas

D). causes

答案.我选C当areas..太傻超级版上也有人讨论,说是C..可是我还是不确定

    这道题~不懂，逵逵的飞跃真题的PDF上甚至还是这样的  agents(against) 我就不知道现在的真题都是怎么弄出来的了～

    这样的题目做错是比较胸闷，不过事后分析还是容易的，就是查字典和它死磕，逵逵还没有Longman 手边，这道题暂且挂起吧～

The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans Ancient swamps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swamps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly (aided)in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.

Only a small fraction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon become depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This makes for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species.

    第三段说的是什么呢？中心（main point）又是什么呢？我们说，中心往往在段首，这是英文的特点，开门见山，然有论据支撑。

    曾经存活的整个生物体只有一小部分以化石的形式被保存。通常情况下，因（其它生物的）掠食和（自身）腐败，动植物的尸体被完全的破坏。尽管看起来一些生物体的化石作用很普遍，对于其它生物体，化石作用几乎是不可能的。大部分情况，生物体的尸体被再循环。这是庆幸的。否则，土壤和水都将很快的耗尽必要的营养。同样的，大部分的暴露在地球表面的化石被风化侵蚀。这使得对一些物种的化石记录不完整或者根本缺失。

    所有的，包括你所选的 weathering 都是支撑段首的中心句的，因为风化侵蚀所以被保存下来的化石就是原文中的a small fraction 和 选项中的 a limited sample 了～ 明白了吗？

39. What is the author's main point in paragraph 3?

C). Fossils provide a limited sample of ancient organisms.

The best fossils are those composed of unaltered remains. Generally, it is the inorganic hard parts, composed mostly of calcium carbonate, that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.

40. Why does the author mention "aragonite" ........最后一段有提到这个字

C). To argue that certain fossils are more informative than others

D). To illustrate the kinds of inorganic hard parts that can form fossils

答案...................可是c这个答案不好吗,,,,,

      C好吗？最后一段是说能够完好保存并化石化的尸体应该具有的特点。没有比较的意思。

    最佳的化石（就像古董，我们说它保存的比较好）是那些未曾改变的尸体。通常，它是那些由碳酸钙构成无机物部分。碳酸钙构成化石的大部分（就是说动物活着的时候，体内就有碳酸钙，碳酸钙是无机物，不能recycle和decay ，却能化石作用；知道碳酸钙是什么吗？就是石灰） 。方解石和文石（calcite and aragonite）也是同样。

    行啦，逵逵能做的就是这些了～功德圆满（升仙啦）～嚯嚯

linling

謝謝~~~問了一次以後,感覺reading要想辦法自己看出來文章意含,才是王道

likui

真是乖孩子，标点也赏心悦目了～

向逵逵学习哦～

嚯嚯～