prep中不懂的问题，求指教啊，巨多巨多的问题。。。。谢谢大家~！

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prep里面的一道拓展题
The Emperor Augustus, it appears, commissioned an idealized sculptured portrait, the features of which are so unrealistic as to constitute what one scholar calls an ―artificial face.‖
A. so unrealistic as to constitute
B. so unrealistic they constituted
C. so unrealistic that they have constituted
D. unrealistic enough so that they constitute
E. unrealistic enough so as to constitute
Key: A

此题我完全没有看懂结构。。。。

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Unlike George in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, both of whom running as independent candidates, H. Ross Perot's independent run for the presidency in 1992 arose not from an unsuccessful effort to gain a major party nomination but from a desire to establish a viable third party in American politics.
A. George in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, both of whom running as independent candidates,
B. George in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, each of whom ran as independent candidates,
C. George in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, both of which ran as an independent candidate,
D. the independent candidates, George in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980,
E. the independent candidacies of George in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980,

此题A选项的both of whom是不是该改成both of who

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Noting that the Federal Reserve had raised a key short
term interest rate again last month, analysts said that
they expected orders for durable goods to decline soon
because rising interest rates makes it more expensive to
buy them on credit
A. rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on credit
B. rising interest rates make buying on credit more expensive
C. a rise in interest rates make it more expensive to buy on credit
D. a rise in interest ratesmake buying on credit more expensive
E. a rise in interest rates makes it more expensive for them to be bought on credit

问题是make it more....的it指代什么？
为什么说从意合角度讲rising IRs比a rise in IRs 好

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The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.
A. doubling the increase of
B. doubling that of the increase in
C. double as much as the increase of
D. twice as many as the increase in
E. twice as many as the increase of

传说中的重点题，毫无意外的错了，解析为什么用doubling还是有点没懂
另外，也没搞懂B选项解析当中
the increase in previous year是指previous year的增长(这个逻辑doesn’t make sense)，而不是在previous year增长，应该用the increase of the previous year
这个in 和of的区别到底在哪里

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The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.
A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced
B. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced
C. by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
D. by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced
E. which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

此题的D选项解析说到
用了convinced一般过去时表示convinced发生在has organized之前
为什么啊？现在完成时的说法不该是动作发生在过去，持续到现在，一直对现在有影响么？怎么判断的convinced就发生在has之前了呢？

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Because the budget package in Congress promises a combination of higher taxes and reduced spending that may slow economic growth,
many in the credit markets wonder whether the Federal Reserve will compensate and help the economy by keeping interest rates low,
or perhaps even by pushing them lower.
这个句子里面的many指代什么呢？

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United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democratic Party during his first term, that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee.
A. that included
B. which includes
C. including
D. some of which were
E. among them being

选项分析：
A． 引导普通的非限定定语从句用which；改为which后，which与所指的posts相隔太远，也不太好。
B． 根据句意，定语从句应该修饰several posts，故为复数，使用includes错误,并且时态上讲应该使用一般过去时；which与所指的posts相隔太远，不好。
C． Correct；including比which included更为简洁、明确，including介词短语修饰前面短语的核心词posts。
D． some of which与所指的posts相隔太远。
E． Being累赘；among them being修饰对象不明确(awkward)，并且无法引导独立主格。

为什么除介词之外的其他形式都不能修饰核心词汇？为什么介词形式可以修饰核心词汇？

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OG又出新问题了。。。
For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
A. a method to protect
B. as a method protecting
C. protecting
D. as a protection of
E. to protect

为什么as不对呢？我查过词典as有prep.形式，意思为“当作”

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up~

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up~